Separation of New England and Chesapeake Bay Regions

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The New World was settled by the English as early as 1585. The aspiring new-comers faced a great deal of challenges and tribulations before they were able to efficiently settle and form successful colonies. However, by the 1700’s the colonists began to grow apart. Even though both of English origin, the New England and Chesapeake Bay regions were separated into two distinct societies by social, economic, and political issues.


Most of the New England region was made up of extremely religious Puritans whose most important goal in life was to satisfy God and set an example of how life should be on earth. They thought of their community “as members of the same body” (doc A) and looked out for each other to make sure everyone was living by God’s will. To make sure their children were able to read the Bible, the Puritans set up some of the first schools of America. In areas such as Massachusetts the plantation owners organized their land for the benefit of the people working it by setting up a church with a faithful minister and providing “a convenient proportion for a house lot…for everyone’s quality and estate.” (doc D) The owners cared about the people working for them and made sure everyone was given a share of the planting ground. The majority of the people that settled New England were family oriented and willing to settle permanently. (doc C) On the other hand the emigrants bound for the Chesapeake region were mostly single young men and a much smaller amount of single young women. (doc C) This shows that the settlers’ motives for coming to America was to make a profit and not necessarily to settle permanently and try to establish a fine community for children to grown up in. Many of the early colonists in the Chesapeake region were gold diggers looking for a way to make money. Captain John Smith writes in the History of Virginia (doc F) that the gold seekers were the worst among them because they “made all men their slaves in hope of recompenses.” There was no unity in the Chesapeake. The gap between the two distinct classes of rich plantation owners and poor workers led the colonists to fear a revolt on in case of the owner’s absence. Due to that reason many men did not go to defend the frontier against the feared Dutch attack. (doc G) Governor Berkeley also believed that if servants went to war, it wouldn’t take a big bribe for them to fight for the enemy. The Chesapeake region seemed very materialistic, unlike the New England colonies which were unified and aiming to be the “city upon a hill.”


The two regions differed economically as well. Most of the Chesapeake population was made up of young males, much different from the families that settled New England. (doc B&C) Since most of the Chesapeake settlers were money oriented (doc F), the region was made up of plantations that successfully sold the profitable cash crops such as tobacco. The concept of indentured servants was very popular and later evolved into slavery of the imported African people. Slaves got no representation in the government and their living conditions were quite unsatisfactory. The New Englanders on the other hand provided a “convenient proportion for a house lot” (doc D) and a church for the people who worked the plantation. They even duly set prices and wages at the General Courts so that the rich will serve God and their neighbors. (doc E) The New Englanders wanted to avoid oppression but still live humbly so as to not forget that they may by God’s will become one of the less fortunate.


The distinct diversity of New England and Chesapeake region was caused by political factors as well. The New England colonies supported their neighbors and looked out for the good of the people because they thought they had to set and example as the “elect.” However the colonists of the Chesapeake region were more selfish. As a justification of the rebellion against Virginia’s Governor Berkeley, Bacon called the rich “unworthy favorites” and “juggling parasites” that “sucked up the public treasure” and “whose tottering fortunes have been repaired and supported at the public charge.” (doc H) The class struggle was so great in the Chesapeake that Governor Berkeley was fearful that if men left their plantations to protect the frontier against the Dutch, the servants might revolt or be bribed to fight for the enemy. (doc G)


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The early American colonists might have originated from the same place, but by the 1700’s they separated into two distinct regions. The differences in the Chesapeake and New England regions were largely due to social, economic, and political reasons.





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