On Presupposition

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On Presupposition


Abstract


This paper presents a list of presupposition-triggers which seem to give rise to presupposition and the ways in which presuppositions are cancelled. Presupposition is quite sensitive to the background knowledge of the language users, so it is more of a pragmatic notion.


Presupposition was originally of philosophersf concern. The first to probe into this subject was Frege who raised the famous example of Kepler died in misery and said that there is a presupposition that the name KEPLER designates something. Since then presupposition has become a hot issue in philosophy and linguistics as well. There are a lot of problems concerning presupposition, such as how to distinguish presupposition from entailment and implicature, whether such inference should be put into semantic or pragmatic scope, where presuppositions come from and in what circumstances they can be cancelled. This paper will focus on the last two points. Presupposition is defeasible in certain contexts. The notion of defeasibility is very important in pragmatics as most pragmatic inferences exhibit this property. An inference is defeasible if it is possible to cancel it by adding some additional premises to the original ones ( Levinson 18 ). The following part deals with a few cases in which presuppositions evaporate.Presupposition is very sensitive to background knowledge of the participants and the mutually shared background knowledge is essential in communication. Take (51) as an example. If the addressee does not know that Simone de Beauvoir is a feminist and the U.S. President is not, then how can Levinsonfs elaboration obtain? Hence the less presuppositions an utterance holds, the less possible it is that the idea of the utterance would be misunderstood.


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