We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like career even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like career in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
I have chosen my field of work, when I graduate High School.
When high school has finished, I plan on at least another four years of school. I
will be studying Sign Language Interpretation. I know I have to have a high school
diploma, which I will be receiving in June of 004. I have worked real hard and kept my
grade point average up. I have right now a .7, and that is real good. This will help me
when I apply for college.
Right now I have short term goals in sight. I have found that too many irons in the
fire, makes it hard for me to stay focused on the long term goals. I plan on going to
school at nights and having a day job, hopefully in school or a clinic working with the
hearing or speech impaired. That way I will get some on the job training while going to
school to learn the book part.
I have researched my options and right now, I will be able to attend community
college, because I can receive a grant for books and tuition that I don’t have to pay back.
So that will help me a lot financially. Going to school at night and working thru the day
will let me be able to save some money for an on going and higher education.
I want to learn everything I can about sign language. So I can choose the level
that I want to be at. I figure that by the time I am twenty-five years of age, I should be
able to have a home or in the process of buying one, and have enough security and
stability to start a family of my own, and be able to live some what comfortably.
I know reading this sound like a fairy tale of some what, but it isn’t. I have
confidence in my self. I couldn’t have any thing else but. My family is the most
supportive group of people that any one could have on their side. I’m real lucky to have a
teacher like Mrs. Hampton also, she seen something in me that I didn’t, and told me if I
enjoy working with the impaired like I do, then go for it, because I have a gift for it. I
have always been taught that you receive so much more in life when you give. Now that I
know I have the opportunity to make a difference in someone else life along with mine, it
make me feel good about myself, because I stopped and took the time to learn how to do
this.
.
Mind that the sample papers like career presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Monday, July 30, 2012
What is translation? What are the prerequisites for a competent translator?
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like What is translation? What are the prerequisites for a competent translator? even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like What is translation? What are the prerequisites for a competent translator? in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Translation is a representation or recreation in any language of what is written or said in another language. Translation is an art, a bilingual art. Like painting, translation enables us to reproduce the fine thought of somebody, not in colours, but in words, in words of a different language. Translation is also said to be a kind of science because it has a whole set of rules governing it and certain objective laws to go with. Skills and technique are needed in order to attain clearness of style, and fluency in language. There are some similarities and dissimilarities between languages such as in word order, morphology and syntax. Because of this, we have to be familiar with both languages, especially with the wide difference in vocabulary, grammatical relations and sentence construction between two languages. It is not absolutely truth that someone who can speak and write a language well can translate. Therefore, translation requires patience and skillful treatment and various sorts of techniques.
The prerequisites for a competent translator are that he should have a good understanding in these two languages and recognize the ways of thinking and the modes of expression of the two languages. The basic training in these essential aspects are the enhancement of his political consciousness, the betterment of his command of the relevant language, and the broadening of the range of scope of our general knowledge. Besides a good knowledge of the two languages, acquaintance with the subject matter covered in the book or article is also an indispensable. Suppose you are going to translate a textbook on physics, you have to know something more about the science than what the book deals with, otherwise you will run the risk of making mistakes in the subject matter imperceptibly.
Mind that the sample papers like What is translation? What are the prerequisites for a competent translator? presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Translation is a representation or recreation in any language of what is written or said in another language. Translation is an art, a bilingual art. Like painting, translation enables us to reproduce the fine thought of somebody, not in colours, but in words, in words of a different language. Translation is also said to be a kind of science because it has a whole set of rules governing it and certain objective laws to go with. Skills and technique are needed in order to attain clearness of style, and fluency in language. There are some similarities and dissimilarities between languages such as in word order, morphology and syntax. Because of this, we have to be familiar with both languages, especially with the wide difference in vocabulary, grammatical relations and sentence construction between two languages. It is not absolutely truth that someone who can speak and write a language well can translate. Therefore, translation requires patience and skillful treatment and various sorts of techniques.
The prerequisites for a competent translator are that he should have a good understanding in these two languages and recognize the ways of thinking and the modes of expression of the two languages. The basic training in these essential aspects are the enhancement of his political consciousness, the betterment of his command of the relevant language, and the broadening of the range of scope of our general knowledge. Besides a good knowledge of the two languages, acquaintance with the subject matter covered in the book or article is also an indispensable. Suppose you are going to translate a textbook on physics, you have to know something more about the science than what the book deals with, otherwise you will run the risk of making mistakes in the subject matter imperceptibly.
Mind that the sample papers like What is translation? What are the prerequisites for a competent translator? presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Charlotte Sometimes
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Charlotte Sometimes even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Charlotte Sometimes in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Charlotte Sometimes, Penelope Farmer
Independent Negotiated Study Essay
“The plot of Charlotte Sometimes is clearly crafted and griping to read”
The plot of Charlotte Sometimes, by Penelope Farmer, is clearly crafted and gripping to read. The clever themes and believable characters help to make the plot work. The major themes in the book are family love, time travel and war. The story is about two girls, Charlotte Mary Makepeace, and Clare Mary Moby, who are living in 148 and 118. It was Charlottes first day at boarding school but the next morning she woke up to have swapped with Clare who is sleeping in the same bed forty years earlier, in the middle of the First World War. The book, written in 16, is told in three parts. The first is the beginning of Charlotte and Clare’s adventures, the second is the climax of the book and tells of when Charlotte is at Flintlock Lodge, and the third part of the book concludes when they come back to their right times.
The theme of time travel used in the book might not be realistic enough to work, but in this case it does because you forget they are traveling in time when they have so many other problems associated with it. To read this book you need to have an imaginative and open mind. The bed is described more as magic then time travel, but they are still traveling in time. In the end we never find out why the bed was magic only for Charlotte and Clare, but a lot of other things come clear.
War is used as a theme in the book. In both times there is a war going on. The war in 148 and the war in Clare’s time, 118, the First World War, are very different. For example the aircraft in 148 were very different to those in 118. “ When the aeroplanes came they blotted out all the other sounds. She thought how frightening this must have seemed to Clare at first. Whatever had she thought the enormous sounds could be? ….
But in 118 so far Charlotte had only heard one aeroplane… which had quiet excited Emily, who cried ‘A plane, a plane! Can you see it, Bunty? Can you see it,
Clare?’ ” (p)
Charlotte becomes very confused about what she is meant to be doing and where she is meant to be in her real time. It was Clare’s idea to make a diary so they knew what homework they are meant to do and how they are meant to be acting. This doesn’t always work though. For instance Charlotte didn’t know she was meant to be Susannah’s best friend and made Susannah upset. It is also difficult to tell one another of other little things, for example the rules in 118 are different to 148 and Charlotte didn’t know. “ ‘ But I thought,’ said Charlotte, ‘honestly, I thought the rules said….’ And then she remembered she had heard the rules in her own time, not here, and that they weren’t necessarily the same rules now.”
Charlotte finds it hard to hide her surprise and excitement at waking up in a new place and time. “The very next morning when she woke beside Emily again, Charlotte, pleased gave her a special smile of greeting; before being reminded by her look of surprise that as far as Emily was concerned she had been there all the time.” (p4) It is especially difficult, as she does not tell anyone in her own time what is going on. She has some comfort in the fact that Emily knows what is going on in Clare’s time. When Charlotte was stuck as Clare for a long time, Clare told Elizabeth what was happening. When Charlotte came back she was glad Clare had done this so she would have someone to confide in as well.
Charlotte gets very confused about who she is. She had almost emptied the thought out of her head that she was ever Charlotte and accepted the fact she was going to be Clare the rest of her life. While staying at Flintlock Lodge, she had a dream about changing into Aggie. The dream shows how confused and upset she really is about the things that are happening, although she tries to keep a brave front for Emily. “ ‘I’m not Aggie,’ she was crying, not knowing if aloud or in her head. ‘I’m not Aggie. Go away! I’m not her. I’m Clare, I’m Clare. No, I’m not. I’m Charlotte. I’m Charlotte, I’m Charlotte.’ She was screaming it at last, again and again. ‘I’m Charlotte’ ” (p17)
Clare and Emily have a very close relationship as sisters. They have the same type of relationship as Charlotte and Emma’s. When they are first writing to each other in their diary, Clare tells Charlotte to look after Emily. They are both very protective and worried about their sisters and miss them when they are in different times “I don’t think we should tell Emily. I don’t want to tell her because I think she might be frightened and not understand. Please, Charlotte, just go on acting as if you were me and not say anything and look after her.” (p40) As the book progresses, Charlotte and Emily act more like sisters and become good friends. It is still obvious though that Emily misses her sister and sometimes gets angry with Charlotte that she is there instead of Clare.
Apart from the obvious similarities in names, which are there to help us see the similarities in their relationships, they also have a lot in common. Clare and Charlotte are around the same age, as are Emily and Emma and evidently Charlotte and Clare have very similar personalities and appearances, because they are so alike no one releases they are different people. But there are differences; Clare is bossier, stern and more responsible then Charlotte. Also Clare is more religious “ ‘Janet and I are very puzzled. Why do you take such ages to say your prayers some nights before you go to bed, and others not at all?’”
Even thought Charlotte and Clare never knew each other and only spoke in the letters to each other they wrote through the diary, Charlotte felt very sad when she discovered out Clare had died. This was probably also because Clare died just a few days after she came out of 148 and it could have been Charlotte, if she had been there a few days longer. “On that bleak track, the sun almost gone again, tears were pouring down her face. She was crying and crying for a girl who had died more then forty years before, whom, in any normal world, to any normal way of thinking, she could not possibly have known; whom she had never seen, though she had lived as her. She was crying for herself, perhaps and for Emily.” (p178).
In conclusion the book was very well thought out and the plot well planed. It makes you think about time travel and other mysterious things. For example, the plot wouldn’t have worked if Clare hadn’t died before 148 when she swapped with Charlotte, because she couldn’t be living two lives at the same time.
Mind that the sample papers like Charlotte Sometimes presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Charlotte Sometimes, Penelope Farmer
Independent Negotiated Study Essay
“The plot of Charlotte Sometimes is clearly crafted and griping to read”
The plot of Charlotte Sometimes, by Penelope Farmer, is clearly crafted and gripping to read. The clever themes and believable characters help to make the plot work. The major themes in the book are family love, time travel and war. The story is about two girls, Charlotte Mary Makepeace, and Clare Mary Moby, who are living in 148 and 118. It was Charlottes first day at boarding school but the next morning she woke up to have swapped with Clare who is sleeping in the same bed forty years earlier, in the middle of the First World War. The book, written in 16, is told in three parts. The first is the beginning of Charlotte and Clare’s adventures, the second is the climax of the book and tells of when Charlotte is at Flintlock Lodge, and the third part of the book concludes when they come back to their right times.
The theme of time travel used in the book might not be realistic enough to work, but in this case it does because you forget they are traveling in time when they have so many other problems associated with it. To read this book you need to have an imaginative and open mind. The bed is described more as magic then time travel, but they are still traveling in time. In the end we never find out why the bed was magic only for Charlotte and Clare, but a lot of other things come clear.
War is used as a theme in the book. In both times there is a war going on. The war in 148 and the war in Clare’s time, 118, the First World War, are very different. For example the aircraft in 148 were very different to those in 118. “ When the aeroplanes came they blotted out all the other sounds. She thought how frightening this must have seemed to Clare at first. Whatever had she thought the enormous sounds could be? ….
But in 118 so far Charlotte had only heard one aeroplane… which had quiet excited Emily, who cried ‘A plane, a plane! Can you see it, Bunty? Can you see it,
Clare?’ ” (p)
Charlotte becomes very confused about what she is meant to be doing and where she is meant to be in her real time. It was Clare’s idea to make a diary so they knew what homework they are meant to do and how they are meant to be acting. This doesn’t always work though. For instance Charlotte didn’t know she was meant to be Susannah’s best friend and made Susannah upset. It is also difficult to tell one another of other little things, for example the rules in 118 are different to 148 and Charlotte didn’t know. “ ‘ But I thought,’ said Charlotte, ‘honestly, I thought the rules said….’ And then she remembered she had heard the rules in her own time, not here, and that they weren’t necessarily the same rules now.”
Charlotte finds it hard to hide her surprise and excitement at waking up in a new place and time. “The very next morning when she woke beside Emily again, Charlotte, pleased gave her a special smile of greeting; before being reminded by her look of surprise that as far as Emily was concerned she had been there all the time.” (p4) It is especially difficult, as she does not tell anyone in her own time what is going on. She has some comfort in the fact that Emily knows what is going on in Clare’s time. When Charlotte was stuck as Clare for a long time, Clare told Elizabeth what was happening. When Charlotte came back she was glad Clare had done this so she would have someone to confide in as well.
Charlotte gets very confused about who she is. She had almost emptied the thought out of her head that she was ever Charlotte and accepted the fact she was going to be Clare the rest of her life. While staying at Flintlock Lodge, she had a dream about changing into Aggie. The dream shows how confused and upset she really is about the things that are happening, although she tries to keep a brave front for Emily. “ ‘I’m not Aggie,’ she was crying, not knowing if aloud or in her head. ‘I’m not Aggie. Go away! I’m not her. I’m Clare, I’m Clare. No, I’m not. I’m Charlotte. I’m Charlotte, I’m Charlotte.’ She was screaming it at last, again and again. ‘I’m Charlotte’ ” (p17)
Clare and Emily have a very close relationship as sisters. They have the same type of relationship as Charlotte and Emma’s. When they are first writing to each other in their diary, Clare tells Charlotte to look after Emily. They are both very protective and worried about their sisters and miss them when they are in different times “I don’t think we should tell Emily. I don’t want to tell her because I think she might be frightened and not understand. Please, Charlotte, just go on acting as if you were me and not say anything and look after her.” (p40) As the book progresses, Charlotte and Emily act more like sisters and become good friends. It is still obvious though that Emily misses her sister and sometimes gets angry with Charlotte that she is there instead of Clare.
Apart from the obvious similarities in names, which are there to help us see the similarities in their relationships, they also have a lot in common. Clare and Charlotte are around the same age, as are Emily and Emma and evidently Charlotte and Clare have very similar personalities and appearances, because they are so alike no one releases they are different people. But there are differences; Clare is bossier, stern and more responsible then Charlotte. Also Clare is more religious “ ‘Janet and I are very puzzled. Why do you take such ages to say your prayers some nights before you go to bed, and others not at all?’”
Even thought Charlotte and Clare never knew each other and only spoke in the letters to each other they wrote through the diary, Charlotte felt very sad when she discovered out Clare had died. This was probably also because Clare died just a few days after she came out of 148 and it could have been Charlotte, if she had been there a few days longer. “On that bleak track, the sun almost gone again, tears were pouring down her face. She was crying and crying for a girl who had died more then forty years before, whom, in any normal world, to any normal way of thinking, she could not possibly have known; whom she had never seen, though she had lived as her. She was crying for herself, perhaps and for Emily.” (p178).
In conclusion the book was very well thought out and the plot well planed. It makes you think about time travel and other mysterious things. For example, the plot wouldn’t have worked if Clare hadn’t died before 148 when she swapped with Charlotte, because she couldn’t be living two lives at the same time.
Mind that the sample papers like Charlotte Sometimes presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 27, 2012
Comparing & contrasting the poems "To the Mercy Killers" & "Traveling Through the Dark"
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Comparing & contrasting the poems "To the Mercy Killers" & "Traveling Through the Dark" even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Comparing & contrasting the poems "To the Mercy Killers" & "Traveling Through the Dark" in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Both poems spoke of death The difference being To the Mercy Killers was speaking about human death and Traveling Through the DArk was speaking of the death of an animal. They both were dealing with whether death should be allowed to take its own course or not.
In the poem To the Mercy Killers the speaker seems to be asking that no matter what type of pain or condition he is in that he wants no one to take his life. I pray you, kindly killers, let me live He is aware that there might be great pain in which he will suffer but let me know such life as pain can give. He seems to believe that no one has the right to take away life. Life, no matter how little is left of it should be allowed to die out on its own, in its own good time Do not put out my Life. He seems to believe that no matter how frail or how ugly he will become he still must be allowed to live until the very end even though I be a clot, an aching clench, a stub, a stump, a butt, a scab, a knob, a screaming pain, a putrefying stench. He seems to believe that like a roaring fire, life must be experienced until the last ember dies out on its own Let me still glow.
In the poem Traveling Through the Dark, the speaker seems to question whether he should cut open the doe and take her unborn fawn from her body or not Alive, still, never to be born, beside that moment I hesitated. He seems to be sad that the deer was hit and left laying on the road. He wonders why the person who hit the deer did not remove it from the road. He also realizes that had the person who hit the deer swerved to avoid it others might have been killed to swerve might make more dead. As he stood by the side of the road and was contemplating what he should do, I think he realized he had no right to interefere with nature and death was part of nature Then pushed her over the edge into the river.
I found both poems to be similar once again, in that both of the speakers struggle was in relation to death. In the poem To the Mercy Killers the speaker did not want anyone to take mercy on him in his suffering and to decide it would be best to end his life for him. He believed nature had to take its own course no matter what pain and suffering one has to endure. In the poem Traviling Through the Dark the speaker also chose to let nature take its own course and that it was not his place to interfere.
Mind that the sample papers like Comparing & contrasting the poems "To the Mercy Killers" & "Traveling Through the Dark" presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Both poems spoke of death The difference being To the Mercy Killers was speaking about human death and Traveling Through the DArk was speaking of the death of an animal. They both were dealing with whether death should be allowed to take its own course or not.
In the poem To the Mercy Killers the speaker seems to be asking that no matter what type of pain or condition he is in that he wants no one to take his life. I pray you, kindly killers, let me live He is aware that there might be great pain in which he will suffer but let me know such life as pain can give. He seems to believe that no one has the right to take away life. Life, no matter how little is left of it should be allowed to die out on its own, in its own good time Do not put out my Life. He seems to believe that no matter how frail or how ugly he will become he still must be allowed to live until the very end even though I be a clot, an aching clench, a stub, a stump, a butt, a scab, a knob, a screaming pain, a putrefying stench. He seems to believe that like a roaring fire, life must be experienced until the last ember dies out on its own Let me still glow.
In the poem Traveling Through the Dark, the speaker seems to question whether he should cut open the doe and take her unborn fawn from her body or not Alive, still, never to be born, beside that moment I hesitated. He seems to be sad that the deer was hit and left laying on the road. He wonders why the person who hit the deer did not remove it from the road. He also realizes that had the person who hit the deer swerved to avoid it others might have been killed to swerve might make more dead. As he stood by the side of the road and was contemplating what he should do, I think he realized he had no right to interefere with nature and death was part of nature Then pushed her over the edge into the river.
I found both poems to be similar once again, in that both of the speakers struggle was in relation to death. In the poem To the Mercy Killers the speaker did not want anyone to take mercy on him in his suffering and to decide it would be best to end his life for him. He believed nature had to take its own course no matter what pain and suffering one has to endure. In the poem Traviling Through the Dark the speaker also chose to let nature take its own course and that it was not his place to interfere.
Mind that the sample papers like Comparing & contrasting the poems "To the Mercy Killers" & "Traveling Through the Dark" presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, July 24, 2012
Battle Royal
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Battle Royal even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Battle Royal in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
An archetypal initiation story involves a protagonist, of a specific culture, sorting through a personal battle of good versus evil. In order to combat unethical or immoral practices, the protagonist must find, within himself, a way to make the change. “The Battle Royal” by Ralph Waldo Ellison is an archetypal initiation story told by the protagonist, an African American male narrator. In his late teen age years, he must complete a speech, and then live up to his grandfather’s dying wish. Telling the story twenty years later, the narrator remembers the cultural journey he made to become the man he is today.
Mordecai Marcus has said that an initiation story will “show it’s protagonist experiencing a significant change of knowledge…or a change of character…and this change must point or lead him toward an adult world.”(1). The “Battle Royal” taken from the book, “the Invisible Man”, is the most conclusive of any initiation stories, showing the protagonist “embarked toward maturity” (1). First, the narrator must attend an unexpected battle, fighting his fellow classmates, then suffering electrocution, in order to say a speech. Saying the speech is very important to him, and after making the speech, he receives a briefcase containing a scholarship. Knowing that his grandfather would be proud, after receipt of the scholarship, the narrator went to his grandfather’s photograph. He “stood beneath his photograph with [his] briefcase in hand and smiled triumphantly into his stolid black peasant’s face” (18). By completing the speech, the narrator has faced what most archetypal initiation stories consider rules of culture and heroics. Participation in the battle and the subsequent scholarship form a “most decisive” (1) protagonist. According to Marcus, this type of protagonist is the most important of any initiation story.
In order to fit into the most important category of initiation stories, as described by Marcus, the narrator must be launched toward maturity. In his explanation of battle, 0 years later, the narrator has matured. He recalls a dream that he has after the speech, which haunts him “for many years after” (18). Immediately following the battle, he is unable to decipher the dream, or able to connect it to his grandfather, but he hears his grandfather laugh eerily in his subconscious, even after awakening. He is is aware that he must first begin college to eventually find the answer, which is inside him. He eventually does, but it takes twenty years.
The narrator finds the answer, which is that he is invisible because he is black. He realizes what his grandfather expected of him. He must work to break the mold of the average African American, and not sit around waiting for the stereotypes to be changed by someone else. As an archetypal hero, the protagonist is a hero who must continue on towards a goal and, “not until the hero sorts out the corruption in his world and in himself can vitality and health be restored to his world” (151). The narrator in “The Battle Royal” knows that his world will be turned upside down and he will lose everything that he has been working toward for his entire life, if he does not complete his speech and obtain his scholarship. To his surprise he “was stopped and told to go back” (16). The narrator is given a chance to complete his speech, and to decipher the dream that haunts him.
The narrator now understands what his grandfather intended when on his deathbed saying to him “Overcome ‘em with yeses” (0), meaning that the he must fit in with the white people, in order to start changing the rules, so that eventually blacks will have the equality they deserve. The narrator becomes an adult, and is able to understand his grandfather’s wishes “I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer” (08). The questions are answered twenty years later.
When the narrator admits that he does not feel ashamed for his grandparents being slaves, only “ashamed of [himself] for having at one time been ashamed” (0), he achieves realization of what he needed to do to fulfill own life For this reason “The Battle Royal” is an archetypal initiation stories, and categorized by Marcus as the most definitive of all types of initiation stories.
Works Cited
Ellison, Ralph Waldo. “The Battle Royal.” 147. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 16. Ed. Michael Meyer. 08-1.
Marcus, Mordecai. “What is an Initiation Story?” 160. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 16. Ed. Michael Meyer. 1.
Meyer, Michael, ed. “Critical Strategies for Reading - Mythological Strategies.” The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 16. 1517-151.
Mind that the sample papers like Battle Royal presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
An archetypal initiation story involves a protagonist, of a specific culture, sorting through a personal battle of good versus evil. In order to combat unethical or immoral practices, the protagonist must find, within himself, a way to make the change. “The Battle Royal” by Ralph Waldo Ellison is an archetypal initiation story told by the protagonist, an African American male narrator. In his late teen age years, he must complete a speech, and then live up to his grandfather’s dying wish. Telling the story twenty years later, the narrator remembers the cultural journey he made to become the man he is today.
Mordecai Marcus has said that an initiation story will “show it’s protagonist experiencing a significant change of knowledge…or a change of character…and this change must point or lead him toward an adult world.”(1). The “Battle Royal” taken from the book, “the Invisible Man”, is the most conclusive of any initiation stories, showing the protagonist “embarked toward maturity” (1). First, the narrator must attend an unexpected battle, fighting his fellow classmates, then suffering electrocution, in order to say a speech. Saying the speech is very important to him, and after making the speech, he receives a briefcase containing a scholarship. Knowing that his grandfather would be proud, after receipt of the scholarship, the narrator went to his grandfather’s photograph. He “stood beneath his photograph with [his] briefcase in hand and smiled triumphantly into his stolid black peasant’s face” (18). By completing the speech, the narrator has faced what most archetypal initiation stories consider rules of culture and heroics. Participation in the battle and the subsequent scholarship form a “most decisive” (1) protagonist. According to Marcus, this type of protagonist is the most important of any initiation story.
In order to fit into the most important category of initiation stories, as described by Marcus, the narrator must be launched toward maturity. In his explanation of battle, 0 years later, the narrator has matured. He recalls a dream that he has after the speech, which haunts him “for many years after” (18). Immediately following the battle, he is unable to decipher the dream, or able to connect it to his grandfather, but he hears his grandfather laugh eerily in his subconscious, even after awakening. He is is aware that he must first begin college to eventually find the answer, which is inside him. He eventually does, but it takes twenty years.
The narrator finds the answer, which is that he is invisible because he is black. He realizes what his grandfather expected of him. He must work to break the mold of the average African American, and not sit around waiting for the stereotypes to be changed by someone else. As an archetypal hero, the protagonist is a hero who must continue on towards a goal and, “not until the hero sorts out the corruption in his world and in himself can vitality and health be restored to his world” (151). The narrator in “The Battle Royal” knows that his world will be turned upside down and he will lose everything that he has been working toward for his entire life, if he does not complete his speech and obtain his scholarship. To his surprise he “was stopped and told to go back” (16). The narrator is given a chance to complete his speech, and to decipher the dream that haunts him.
The narrator now understands what his grandfather intended when on his deathbed saying to him “Overcome ‘em with yeses” (0), meaning that the he must fit in with the white people, in order to start changing the rules, so that eventually blacks will have the equality they deserve. The narrator becomes an adult, and is able to understand his grandfather’s wishes “I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer” (08). The questions are answered twenty years later.
When the narrator admits that he does not feel ashamed for his grandparents being slaves, only “ashamed of [himself] for having at one time been ashamed” (0), he achieves realization of what he needed to do to fulfill own life For this reason “The Battle Royal” is an archetypal initiation stories, and categorized by Marcus as the most definitive of all types of initiation stories.
Works Cited
Ellison, Ralph Waldo. “The Battle Royal.” 147. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 16. Ed. Michael Meyer. 08-1.
Marcus, Mordecai. “What is an Initiation Story?” 160. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 16. Ed. Michael Meyer. 1.
Meyer, Michael, ed. “Critical Strategies for Reading - Mythological Strategies.” The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. New York Bedford/St. Martins, 16. 1517-151.
Mind that the sample papers like Battle Royal presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, July 21, 2012
Summary of an Article on Strategic Alliances in Defence Manufacturing Industry
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Introduction
The main aim of the paper is to ascertain the extent of participation, the types of alliances used and the problems faced by these firms which are basically into developing and manufacturing telecommunications, transport, information, lethal platforms, and components for the operation of these platforms for military organisations.
Exposure to decreasing defence budgets of nations, global competition, and open market practices, has made the environment of the defence equipment manufacturing firms, which have constraints for technology transfers and use of popular corporate strategies due to the very nature of their business, unpredictable, uncertain, and a threat to their survival. In such a situation, strategic alliances are a good option for these firms. But given the political and commercial constraints, the best practices of the alliance formation may not be relevant to these firms. This paper looks at how these firms are practising strategic alliances.
The Defence Industry Environment
It appears that the issues facing the defence industry and the new emerging constraints have attracted a lot of attention of contemporary authors, but the responses to these issues and their effects are somewhat still unclear to the industry. Since the end of the cold war in early 10s, the trend in Europe is that of declining defence expenditures, shutting down of many such defence equipment manufactures and the reduction of employees in this sector. Two other important factors that influence the sector are the decreasing control of the state in arms manufacturing and the break up of the military industrial complexes. Also, due to reduction in Russian threat, the customer base has reduced, but competition has increased. This has been highlighted by the example of the Aerospace industry, wherein only four models exist, but every contract is vital for the company’s survival. This condition has led to increasing alliances even between competitors in an attempt to prevent or reverse poor performance.
The authors have adopted Cosentino’s seven symptoms of change in the defence industry as more costly programs, cuts in military expenses, growing Asian markets, reducing government support, demand for return on investment, new competition, and demanding customer requirements. The globalisation of arms market and the diminishing national control over arms supplies has resulted in competitive disadvantages for firms which have persisted with purely national procurement and manufacturing strategies.
The authors have summarised the reasons for the changes in the defence industry as declining budgets of governments, demand for greater accountability in defence procurement, growing demand for latest and best technology, declining market size, and increasing competition from global players. The authors observe that the conditions, which existed previously, have resulted in conditioning of employees of these firs to aberrant business practices. But this disadvantage is negated by their common cultural backgrounds.
Types of Strategic Alliances
Strategic alliances are agreements between firms to cooperate with each other in some way for varying lengths of time. What differs is the degree of co-operation, structure and duration. Strategic alliances have gained popularity across many industries and the literature available or the studies conducted are not industry specific, but mostly cross-sectoral.
There are many ways of classifying strategic alliances. They can be classified into four categories based on the nature of allying firms as pro-competitive (inter industry), non-competitive (intra industry, non competing), competitive (direct competitors), and pre-competitive (unrelated industries). They can also be classified as horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between members of supply chain), or diagonal (between firms in different industries).
In any case, what is common to all these alliances is transfer of knowledge, which may or may not be equal in both directions for the allying firms. Strategic alliances include collaboration, joint ventures, consortia, licensing agreements, offset agreements and essentially any form of co-operation or exchange of resources between two or more partners.
Drivers of Strategic Alliance Formation
The drivers of strategic alliance formation include global economic downturns, new economic opportunities, the need for survival within the firm and the collective fear of risk inherent in business. Also, the process of selection of the right type of alliance is a mix of selecting suitable ones and eliminating unsuitable ones. The process is also dependent on the dominant drivers during the alliance formation and the tailoring of the type of alliance is done to suit the needs and goals of the allying partners.
The primary driver of strategic alliances seems to be globalisation, or the advent of global competition, due to which such alliances are observed commonly across various industries like automobile, pharmaceutical, aerospace, etc on a global level. What needs to be examined is whether firms are adopting this as defensive business strategy for survival, or proactive strategy to reduce competition.
Motives of Strategic Alliance Formation
The motives pertain more to specific sectors or firms within the industry as opposed to drivers, which create an overall need for change within the industry. It is necessary for the motives to fit into a strategic plan. Examples of motives are acquisition of technology, or resources, or attaining economies of scale, which seems relevant to the defence industry. If they do not fit into the strategic plan, they may pose hurdles in further strategic moves.
Strategic Alliance Life Cycles
The authors have adopted the concept from Doz and Hamel, who have developed a process for alliance formation which is classified under four headings as operational scope, configurations and contributions, alliance governance, and alliance interface. These are not unambiguous and the whole process can be looked at as a map of alliance formation, with different kinds of alliances having different starting and ending points.
Learning, Trust and Culture
Various researches have proved that a lot depends on the inter-relation of these three parameters in a strategic alliance. During the period of alliance, the firm that learns more from its partner, stand to gain more from the alliance. Hammel refers to this as internalisation of partner’s skills. Such internalisation is primary motive of many firms in entering alliances and on termination of the alliance, they are still successful in their motive. The most attractive resources to internalise are leading edge technology and management techniques. For such alliances, the structure, culture, and communication patterns are not as important as the learning process.
The authors touch upon the issue of trust by mentioning that the best practices of interaction between senior executives of partnering firms, shared values, effective communication, and a multi- disciplinary effort between the firms is responsible for good trust building. Culture and its compatibility, especially in pooling of resources for research and development work is also an important aspect of strategic alliance, relevant to defence manufacturing industry.
Defence Manufacturing and Strategic Alliances
Not surprisingly, there is a tremendous growth in the strategic alliances in defence manufacturing industry as a result of the factors mentioned above. However, one factor that goes against this phenomenon is the sovereignty of operations as a result of the state determining supply and demand of this industry, which is a strategic economical d military asset. The advantages of such alliances have been adopted from Draper as acquisition of technological assets, lowering of unit costs, and vertical development of supply chain.
The objectives of the nation to maintain its proprietary technology are contrast with the objectives of joint ventures, which are to gain technological resources for the second tier countries, and to gain access to cheaper manufacturing and sourcing for the first tier countries, besides the joint objectives of larger market access and amortisation of defence research. An option to full blown cross border mergers is collaboration which has the advantage of sharing of non-recurring costs, interoperability, economies of scale, lesser chances of scraping of projects amongst others. But the chief deterrent is the issue of sharing workload in proportion to investment made, leading to excessive capacities, complex industrial arrangements, and impedance to free technology transfer.
Alliance Life Cycles Within the Defence Manufacturing Industry
Due to the decline of number of firms in this industry, the firms lay emphasis on reputation and experience in strategic alliances as well as the technology to choose their partners from the limited pool. In the first phase of alliance formation, the opportunities from the business venture are checked for fit with the firm’s strategic plan. In the second stage, a cost benefit analysis is done. The further life cycle is very well demonstrated with a diagram, which highlights stages like Partner selection, Agreement on goals, Development of relationships, Binding initial agreement, and Ensuring equality. Also, this industry is characterised by typically high research costs and the risks were formerly covered by the large national defence budgets. But with reducing budgets and the demand for cutting edge semiconductor technology, this risk has now blown beyond proportion for firms to handle it alone. An unsuccessful bid may result in a financial hiccup whereas an uncompetitive product would result in shutting down of a large part of production units.
Results of Empirical Investigations
The formation of strategic alliances varies between the sectors within the industry due to varying corporate culture. The levels of cross border cooperation vary between sectors, with electronics leading the pack and ordnance and small arms lagging far behind. The structure of alliance depends on the size of the partners, with the SMEs preferring licensing agreements and the larger players preferring collaboration, for commercial and governance reasons. On the other hand, joint ventures allow the marriage of complementary competencies and provide an opportunity to gain contracts from the partners’ markets. In partnerships involving partners of unequal sizes, friction is caused due to different perceptions of life cycle and time. The development of the structure in the defence manufacturing industry depends very much on the position of the firms within the industrys hierarchy and its ability to select the best structure to fit into its overall group structure. Yet this is very much customer driven and depends on the governments, which are the major customers. If the goal of the alliance is knowledge transfer, there is a lot of communication at lower levels in the student teacher mould, and this diminishes with time. Also, it depends on the sizes of the firms.
The nationalities of firms induce superiority or inferiority complexes in partners based on history. Relationship development is important and is demonstrated with the help of the example that though UK and US have compatible cultures and one would expect successful strategic alliances between them, that is not the case and there arise many misunderstandings between partnering firms. This also demonstrates the importance of cultural compatibilities and the need for the senior executives of the partnering firms to make conscious efforts to internationalise and remove cultural interpretative difficulties.
Legality of the agreement is given particular emphasis because of the high cost of cutting edge technology and the sensitive nature of the industry. The agreements ensure that the resources promised by the partners are released, that the potential demands are not inflated and the technology is not sold to a rival government to be used against the firm’s nation. Firms use this initial period of agreement formation to try to identify any hidden agendas on the part of the prospective partner by analysing what the partner is looking for and why. Issues of equality of control and risk are sensitive to handle and have importance only in equity based alliances.
In a working alliance, communication gaps are a major problem, owing to difference in language, culture and management styles. The degree of communication required depends on the type of alliance, being maximum in joint ventures and least in licensing. The older executives tend to neglect the market dynamics, owing to an orientation towards protected industry as it used to be. Also, it can be hypothesised that the degree to which an alliance is formally reviewed depends on the size of the firm.
Contrary to the literature, which says that alliances in this industry are formed for operational reasons like gaining economies of scale and share risk, the research finds that the alliances are formed for strategic reasons like maintaining market share and market power.
Discussion
The authors say that contrary to the belief, globalisation is not the primary driver for alliances in the defence manufacturing industry, which is consolidating. They point out that the high technology, which is tools for many industries for operations, is the product for this industry and its expenses and relationships are well documented.
To gain the advantages of controlling the partnership and the prevention of the partner’s internalisation of its competencies, the firms in this industry prefer collaboration, which are also easier to manage, and can be structured to accommodate legal changes to initial agreements, like workshare proportions, sales estimates, etc, including change of partners.
The nature of the strategic alliances also depends on the nationality of firms, with the US firms showing significant orientation for collaborations and licensing agreements. Also, the US firms indulge in a lot of alliances and most of them are to gain technology which they have not already developed. But they later impose restrictions such that market development for their partners, using the US technology becomes impossible.
UK, France and Germany are next in the number of alliances, with UK- France partnerships being primarily in electronics and Germany’s involvement in land vehicles, aircrafts, etc.
The authors also point out that the effect of commercial practices on corporate culture needs to be investigated.
The authors end with a note on convergence of mutual perceptions. The give examples of The US firms perceiving European short tem partners as less beneficial in the long run and UK experiencing competition from other European countries to partner with US. The authors are quick to point out that the future of European markets is difficult to predict and that a lot would depend on Government support and influence.
Personal Opinion
The drivers for change in the defence manufacturing industry have rightly been identified. In today’s world, no country has the economy to sustain long term war, except the US. Owing to this, the market for the industry in question is definitely reducing.
The other observation is about government control over this industry. With the primary intention of building efficiencies in this industry and to incorporate accountability, the states are making conscious efforts to privatise the industry. As a result, the support which the industry had to cover financial risks is fast disappearing. Also, the sensitivity of the industry, makes it difficult for the players to operate in the open economy environment and to indulge in technology transfer.
All these key issues have definitely made strategic alliances a key strategic policy. This also the reason why the industry is consolidating. Also, the issue of costs of research and development is another prime driver. But what needs a deeper thought is the way the companies exercise this strategic tool.
For this analysis, the concept of life cycle of the alliance is very useful. But a detail study of some of the failures need to be done in the context of the lifecycle. What kind of partnership can go wrong at what stage with what kind of mistakes needs to be found out. The strategies for success, in this case lie in searching the reasons for failure.
Also, the prices of most of these equipments is prohibitively high. So the strategic alliances for firms belonging to nations, which do not have the potential to buy the equipment, is a sensitive issue. It need to be found that what kind of companies look for partners in such countries. Are sourcing considerations the only ones for such alliances, and the benefits derived for the smaller partner need to be looked at.
The other major consideration is the influence of European Council on such partnerships. Also, the organisations like NATO should have some effect on them. What needs to be found out is the stage of the lifecycle in which these factors gain importance. Also, the extent to which these factors influence is not known.
Another important part is that the customers drive the decision about the kind of alliance that the partners enter into. But does this not conflict with the aim of the organisations? This a question to which answers can be provided only by scrutinising case studies of attempts to form strategic alliances.
The one other important issue is the legality of the agreements. The issues involved are sensitive and the partners try to make these as watertight as possible. The effect of this on the trust and information sharing between partners is of prime importance. The transfer of knowledge and it use later on is dependent on these agreements, and the US seems to be taking complete advantage of the fact for maximum benefit.
And the final point that comes to the mind is the effect of such alliances on the relations between the nations of the partnering firms. In some cases, the relations between the nations have an effect on the strength and structure of partnerships. In some cases, it is the opposite, and the relations between the nations may be based on the strengths of the partnerships.
To conclude, I would like to say that the best practices for the success of strategic alliances are based on the structure of industries. It is pretty obvious that when it comes to defence industry, the structure is significantly different from the other industries. So, the best practices in other industries may not be viable in the case of the defence industry. But the recommendable practices need to be identified to help the industry benefit from the experience of the other firms in the process of such strategic alliances.
Mind that the sample papers like Summary of an Article on Strategic Alliances in Defence Manufacturing Industry presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Introduction
The main aim of the paper is to ascertain the extent of participation, the types of alliances used and the problems faced by these firms which are basically into developing and manufacturing telecommunications, transport, information, lethal platforms, and components for the operation of these platforms for military organisations.
Exposure to decreasing defence budgets of nations, global competition, and open market practices, has made the environment of the defence equipment manufacturing firms, which have constraints for technology transfers and use of popular corporate strategies due to the very nature of their business, unpredictable, uncertain, and a threat to their survival. In such a situation, strategic alliances are a good option for these firms. But given the political and commercial constraints, the best practices of the alliance formation may not be relevant to these firms. This paper looks at how these firms are practising strategic alliances.
The Defence Industry Environment
It appears that the issues facing the defence industry and the new emerging constraints have attracted a lot of attention of contemporary authors, but the responses to these issues and their effects are somewhat still unclear to the industry. Since the end of the cold war in early 10s, the trend in Europe is that of declining defence expenditures, shutting down of many such defence equipment manufactures and the reduction of employees in this sector. Two other important factors that influence the sector are the decreasing control of the state in arms manufacturing and the break up of the military industrial complexes. Also, due to reduction in Russian threat, the customer base has reduced, but competition has increased. This has been highlighted by the example of the Aerospace industry, wherein only four models exist, but every contract is vital for the company’s survival. This condition has led to increasing alliances even between competitors in an attempt to prevent or reverse poor performance.
The authors have adopted Cosentino’s seven symptoms of change in the defence industry as more costly programs, cuts in military expenses, growing Asian markets, reducing government support, demand for return on investment, new competition, and demanding customer requirements. The globalisation of arms market and the diminishing national control over arms supplies has resulted in competitive disadvantages for firms which have persisted with purely national procurement and manufacturing strategies.
The authors have summarised the reasons for the changes in the defence industry as declining budgets of governments, demand for greater accountability in defence procurement, growing demand for latest and best technology, declining market size, and increasing competition from global players. The authors observe that the conditions, which existed previously, have resulted in conditioning of employees of these firs to aberrant business practices. But this disadvantage is negated by their common cultural backgrounds.
Types of Strategic Alliances
Strategic alliances are agreements between firms to cooperate with each other in some way for varying lengths of time. What differs is the degree of co-operation, structure and duration. Strategic alliances have gained popularity across many industries and the literature available or the studies conducted are not industry specific, but mostly cross-sectoral.
There are many ways of classifying strategic alliances. They can be classified into four categories based on the nature of allying firms as pro-competitive (inter industry), non-competitive (intra industry, non competing), competitive (direct competitors), and pre-competitive (unrelated industries). They can also be classified as horizontal (between competitors), vertical (between members of supply chain), or diagonal (between firms in different industries).
In any case, what is common to all these alliances is transfer of knowledge, which may or may not be equal in both directions for the allying firms. Strategic alliances include collaboration, joint ventures, consortia, licensing agreements, offset agreements and essentially any form of co-operation or exchange of resources between two or more partners.
Drivers of Strategic Alliance Formation
The drivers of strategic alliance formation include global economic downturns, new economic opportunities, the need for survival within the firm and the collective fear of risk inherent in business. Also, the process of selection of the right type of alliance is a mix of selecting suitable ones and eliminating unsuitable ones. The process is also dependent on the dominant drivers during the alliance formation and the tailoring of the type of alliance is done to suit the needs and goals of the allying partners.
The primary driver of strategic alliances seems to be globalisation, or the advent of global competition, due to which such alliances are observed commonly across various industries like automobile, pharmaceutical, aerospace, etc on a global level. What needs to be examined is whether firms are adopting this as defensive business strategy for survival, or proactive strategy to reduce competition.
Motives of Strategic Alliance Formation
The motives pertain more to specific sectors or firms within the industry as opposed to drivers, which create an overall need for change within the industry. It is necessary for the motives to fit into a strategic plan. Examples of motives are acquisition of technology, or resources, or attaining economies of scale, which seems relevant to the defence industry. If they do not fit into the strategic plan, they may pose hurdles in further strategic moves.
Strategic Alliance Life Cycles
The authors have adopted the concept from Doz and Hamel, who have developed a process for alliance formation which is classified under four headings as operational scope, configurations and contributions, alliance governance, and alliance interface. These are not unambiguous and the whole process can be looked at as a map of alliance formation, with different kinds of alliances having different starting and ending points.
Learning, Trust and Culture
Various researches have proved that a lot depends on the inter-relation of these three parameters in a strategic alliance. During the period of alliance, the firm that learns more from its partner, stand to gain more from the alliance. Hammel refers to this as internalisation of partner’s skills. Such internalisation is primary motive of many firms in entering alliances and on termination of the alliance, they are still successful in their motive. The most attractive resources to internalise are leading edge technology and management techniques. For such alliances, the structure, culture, and communication patterns are not as important as the learning process.
The authors touch upon the issue of trust by mentioning that the best practices of interaction between senior executives of partnering firms, shared values, effective communication, and a multi- disciplinary effort between the firms is responsible for good trust building. Culture and its compatibility, especially in pooling of resources for research and development work is also an important aspect of strategic alliance, relevant to defence manufacturing industry.
Defence Manufacturing and Strategic Alliances
Not surprisingly, there is a tremendous growth in the strategic alliances in defence manufacturing industry as a result of the factors mentioned above. However, one factor that goes against this phenomenon is the sovereignty of operations as a result of the state determining supply and demand of this industry, which is a strategic economical d military asset. The advantages of such alliances have been adopted from Draper as acquisition of technological assets, lowering of unit costs, and vertical development of supply chain.
The objectives of the nation to maintain its proprietary technology are contrast with the objectives of joint ventures, which are to gain technological resources for the second tier countries, and to gain access to cheaper manufacturing and sourcing for the first tier countries, besides the joint objectives of larger market access and amortisation of defence research. An option to full blown cross border mergers is collaboration which has the advantage of sharing of non-recurring costs, interoperability, economies of scale, lesser chances of scraping of projects amongst others. But the chief deterrent is the issue of sharing workload in proportion to investment made, leading to excessive capacities, complex industrial arrangements, and impedance to free technology transfer.
Alliance Life Cycles Within the Defence Manufacturing Industry
Due to the decline of number of firms in this industry, the firms lay emphasis on reputation and experience in strategic alliances as well as the technology to choose their partners from the limited pool. In the first phase of alliance formation, the opportunities from the business venture are checked for fit with the firm’s strategic plan. In the second stage, a cost benefit analysis is done. The further life cycle is very well demonstrated with a diagram, which highlights stages like Partner selection, Agreement on goals, Development of relationships, Binding initial agreement, and Ensuring equality. Also, this industry is characterised by typically high research costs and the risks were formerly covered by the large national defence budgets. But with reducing budgets and the demand for cutting edge semiconductor technology, this risk has now blown beyond proportion for firms to handle it alone. An unsuccessful bid may result in a financial hiccup whereas an uncompetitive product would result in shutting down of a large part of production units.
Results of Empirical Investigations
The formation of strategic alliances varies between the sectors within the industry due to varying corporate culture. The levels of cross border cooperation vary between sectors, with electronics leading the pack and ordnance and small arms lagging far behind. The structure of alliance depends on the size of the partners, with the SMEs preferring licensing agreements and the larger players preferring collaboration, for commercial and governance reasons. On the other hand, joint ventures allow the marriage of complementary competencies and provide an opportunity to gain contracts from the partners’ markets. In partnerships involving partners of unequal sizes, friction is caused due to different perceptions of life cycle and time. The development of the structure in the defence manufacturing industry depends very much on the position of the firms within the industrys hierarchy and its ability to select the best structure to fit into its overall group structure. Yet this is very much customer driven and depends on the governments, which are the major customers. If the goal of the alliance is knowledge transfer, there is a lot of communication at lower levels in the student teacher mould, and this diminishes with time. Also, it depends on the sizes of the firms.
The nationalities of firms induce superiority or inferiority complexes in partners based on history. Relationship development is important and is demonstrated with the help of the example that though UK and US have compatible cultures and one would expect successful strategic alliances between them, that is not the case and there arise many misunderstandings between partnering firms. This also demonstrates the importance of cultural compatibilities and the need for the senior executives of the partnering firms to make conscious efforts to internationalise and remove cultural interpretative difficulties.
Legality of the agreement is given particular emphasis because of the high cost of cutting edge technology and the sensitive nature of the industry. The agreements ensure that the resources promised by the partners are released, that the potential demands are not inflated and the technology is not sold to a rival government to be used against the firm’s nation. Firms use this initial period of agreement formation to try to identify any hidden agendas on the part of the prospective partner by analysing what the partner is looking for and why. Issues of equality of control and risk are sensitive to handle and have importance only in equity based alliances.
In a working alliance, communication gaps are a major problem, owing to difference in language, culture and management styles. The degree of communication required depends on the type of alliance, being maximum in joint ventures and least in licensing. The older executives tend to neglect the market dynamics, owing to an orientation towards protected industry as it used to be. Also, it can be hypothesised that the degree to which an alliance is formally reviewed depends on the size of the firm.
Contrary to the literature, which says that alliances in this industry are formed for operational reasons like gaining economies of scale and share risk, the research finds that the alliances are formed for strategic reasons like maintaining market share and market power.
Discussion
The authors say that contrary to the belief, globalisation is not the primary driver for alliances in the defence manufacturing industry, which is consolidating. They point out that the high technology, which is tools for many industries for operations, is the product for this industry and its expenses and relationships are well documented.
To gain the advantages of controlling the partnership and the prevention of the partner’s internalisation of its competencies, the firms in this industry prefer collaboration, which are also easier to manage, and can be structured to accommodate legal changes to initial agreements, like workshare proportions, sales estimates, etc, including change of partners.
The nature of the strategic alliances also depends on the nationality of firms, with the US firms showing significant orientation for collaborations and licensing agreements. Also, the US firms indulge in a lot of alliances and most of them are to gain technology which they have not already developed. But they later impose restrictions such that market development for their partners, using the US technology becomes impossible.
UK, France and Germany are next in the number of alliances, with UK- France partnerships being primarily in electronics and Germany’s involvement in land vehicles, aircrafts, etc.
The authors also point out that the effect of commercial practices on corporate culture needs to be investigated.
The authors end with a note on convergence of mutual perceptions. The give examples of The US firms perceiving European short tem partners as less beneficial in the long run and UK experiencing competition from other European countries to partner with US. The authors are quick to point out that the future of European markets is difficult to predict and that a lot would depend on Government support and influence.
Personal Opinion
The drivers for change in the defence manufacturing industry have rightly been identified. In today’s world, no country has the economy to sustain long term war, except the US. Owing to this, the market for the industry in question is definitely reducing.
The other observation is about government control over this industry. With the primary intention of building efficiencies in this industry and to incorporate accountability, the states are making conscious efforts to privatise the industry. As a result, the support which the industry had to cover financial risks is fast disappearing. Also, the sensitivity of the industry, makes it difficult for the players to operate in the open economy environment and to indulge in technology transfer.
All these key issues have definitely made strategic alliances a key strategic policy. This also the reason why the industry is consolidating. Also, the issue of costs of research and development is another prime driver. But what needs a deeper thought is the way the companies exercise this strategic tool.
For this analysis, the concept of life cycle of the alliance is very useful. But a detail study of some of the failures need to be done in the context of the lifecycle. What kind of partnership can go wrong at what stage with what kind of mistakes needs to be found out. The strategies for success, in this case lie in searching the reasons for failure.
Also, the prices of most of these equipments is prohibitively high. So the strategic alliances for firms belonging to nations, which do not have the potential to buy the equipment, is a sensitive issue. It need to be found that what kind of companies look for partners in such countries. Are sourcing considerations the only ones for such alliances, and the benefits derived for the smaller partner need to be looked at.
The other major consideration is the influence of European Council on such partnerships. Also, the organisations like NATO should have some effect on them. What needs to be found out is the stage of the lifecycle in which these factors gain importance. Also, the extent to which these factors influence is not known.
Another important part is that the customers drive the decision about the kind of alliance that the partners enter into. But does this not conflict with the aim of the organisations? This a question to which answers can be provided only by scrutinising case studies of attempts to form strategic alliances.
The one other important issue is the legality of the agreements. The issues involved are sensitive and the partners try to make these as watertight as possible. The effect of this on the trust and information sharing between partners is of prime importance. The transfer of knowledge and it use later on is dependent on these agreements, and the US seems to be taking complete advantage of the fact for maximum benefit.
And the final point that comes to the mind is the effect of such alliances on the relations between the nations of the partnering firms. In some cases, the relations between the nations have an effect on the strength and structure of partnerships. In some cases, it is the opposite, and the relations between the nations may be based on the strengths of the partnerships.
To conclude, I would like to say that the best practices for the success of strategic alliances are based on the structure of industries. It is pretty obvious that when it comes to defence industry, the structure is significantly different from the other industries. So, the best practices in other industries may not be viable in the case of the defence industry. But the recommendable practices need to be identified to help the industry benefit from the experience of the other firms in the process of such strategic alliances.
Mind that the sample papers like Summary of an Article on Strategic Alliances in Defence Manufacturing Industry presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, July 19, 2012
Buying Papers
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Buying Papers even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Buying Papers in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
All forms of stealing are unethical, but the one that is most atrocious is plagiarism. Buying papers is the worst offense in college. It can hurt your permanent record. Plagiarism should be irradicated for reasons.
First, students should be aware that plagiarism has a negative effect on the grade in the class. Many colleges require that students accused of plagiarism not only face judicial board, but also face the vice president for academic affairs. The judicial board sanction can cause a student to earn not only a failing grade on the assignment, but also a failing grade in the class. what an embarrassment to tell your peers that youve been failed out of a class for a bone-head decision like cheating.
Second, plagairism can affect a students permanent record. Many students must, as part of their hearing and punishment, face the vice-president for acacdemic affairs. in these cases, it is not unusual for the VPAA to send a note to the college registrar to be attached to the students file. In this way, the student is foreveer branded a cheat.
Lastly, plagiarism hurts the others at the college by helping to shape a culture of cheating. The school then gets a reputation for being unethical. When students and their families are visiting the college campuys, questions of integrity usually arise from over zealous parents. Students doing admisison tours then must dance around the issue, and this side-stepping becomes quite obvious to the family and any one else in ear-shot. Most students, and definitely their parents, want to go to an ethical school with ethical students.
In conclusion, plagiarism is a huge problem on college campuses, and only students can affect change. Stop cheating. Turn in your friends, and make the college an ethical environment where students work to earn their own grades. If we do this, then we will be the next generation of great leader, not great cheaters.
Mind that the sample papers like Buying Papers presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
All forms of stealing are unethical, but the one that is most atrocious is plagiarism. Buying papers is the worst offense in college. It can hurt your permanent record. Plagiarism should be irradicated for reasons.
First, students should be aware that plagiarism has a negative effect on the grade in the class. Many colleges require that students accused of plagiarism not only face judicial board, but also face the vice president for academic affairs. The judicial board sanction can cause a student to earn not only a failing grade on the assignment, but also a failing grade in the class. what an embarrassment to tell your peers that youve been failed out of a class for a bone-head decision like cheating.
Second, plagairism can affect a students permanent record. Many students must, as part of their hearing and punishment, face the vice-president for acacdemic affairs. in these cases, it is not unusual for the VPAA to send a note to the college registrar to be attached to the students file. In this way, the student is foreveer branded a cheat.
Lastly, plagiarism hurts the others at the college by helping to shape a culture of cheating. The school then gets a reputation for being unethical. When students and their families are visiting the college campuys, questions of integrity usually arise from over zealous parents. Students doing admisison tours then must dance around the issue, and this side-stepping becomes quite obvious to the family and any one else in ear-shot. Most students, and definitely their parents, want to go to an ethical school with ethical students.
In conclusion, plagiarism is a huge problem on college campuses, and only students can affect change. Stop cheating. Turn in your friends, and make the college an ethical environment where students work to earn their own grades. If we do this, then we will be the next generation of great leader, not great cheaters.
Mind that the sample papers like Buying Papers presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, July 16, 2012
comparitive study of richard III
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like comparitive study of richard III even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like comparitive study of richard III in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Deformed at birth and bearing a hunchback, Richard III’s devastating charm, wit and courage controls the story of King Richard III. Richard is made out to be the perfect seducer of women and the charmer and leader of men. His great talents for evilness and being hungrily driven by power, the Duke of Gloucester has destructive plans to reach his ultimate goal. This goal being, to claim the throne and become the ‘King of England’. The way in which he tries to reach this, is to kill anyone in the royal bloodline who threatens his dream. His plans begin with the seduction of and eventual marriage to Lady Anne, whose husband he killed during the Civil War.
Viewing the 15 Richard Loncraine version and reading the original text, there are many differences and similarities between the two. The original text has been manipulated which has resulted in the differences between the two forms of text. The adaptation from the play to film is extremely well done, as a result of the director’s imagination and flare. The manipulation of Richard III has resulted in major cuts of text and characters. This manipulation has occurred as a result of trying to modernise. By doing this it has adapted the written text by Shakespeare to shape meaning for a modern audience in a contempory context.
The director of the film has used many features to try and achieve a modernised version of Richard III. Lighting, music, positioning of characters and dialogue are all examples of dramatic techniques. The manipulation of language and technical features are also well known techniques used to manipulate Shakespeare’s play. Some of these techniques consist of language, structure, imagery, and irony. All these features and techniques shape meaning and appeal to a modern audience when manipulated correctly.
In the start of scene two act 1 Anne and Richard are conversing over the death of Anne’s father in law in the play and Anne’s husband in the film. This is an example of a manipulation. It’s not an incredibly significant change in the way the audience would perceive the situation but it is still a form of manipulating the text.
In the first few minutes of this scene we see Lady Anne walking through the corridors of what looks like a morgue, seeming extremely sad and glum. We can tell this by the way in which she walks and positions her body. As she is walking music is added to the scene. This music is very mellow and has a saddening feel to it which creates the feeling of sorrow. We also see Lady Anne dressed in black. Black traditionally symbolises mourning. This act usually occurs when someone dies. Both the sense of dress and use of music tell the audience that something terrible has happened for example death. In the written text there is no indication of how Lady Anne should be postured and no suggestion for clothing that should be worn. The use of the morgue was also an adaptation used by the director to appeal to the modern day audience. The director manipulated this scene by changing the setting it which is was in. Being set in a morgue makes it more appealing to the audience as it’s obvious that someone has died by setting it in a place like the morgue and also makes it a lot easier to understand. In the written text it makes specific reference that lamenting Anne and the corps of her father in law enters the scene whereas in the film the body is already present in the scene as the scene is based in a morgue so it makes more sense for the body to already be there.
When Richard enters the scene he appears in military clothing, very much resembling the appearance of Hitler. Hitler being the one who planned to eliminate all Jews and Richard being the one who planned to eliminate the royal family. The film being set in the Hitler era (10’s) has a major impact on the audience as they can understand and relate as the Hitler era is a recent event in history. In the written text and Shakespearean time frame there is no figure head that Richard resembles therefore its not as effective.
In this section of the scene its obvious Anne is very distraught and angry at Richard. Richard admits to killing her husband. She shows the audience her anger by spending most of the scene wit her back to Richard. This is the result of how the director positions their characters. The way in which Anne is positioned adds to the understanding of the scene which helps the audience to comprehend how furious she is with Richard. In the written text it shows the anger Anne feels for Richard by the actions present eg, spitting, and glaring etc. and just by the use of dialogue. This is where the use of imagery enters the text. Vivid words and phrases help to create atmosphere and help conjure up emotions and mental pictures. The play is rich in animal imagery and many characters use this imagery on Richard. The use of metaphors, similes and personification are used to add to the effect of imagery. This use of language makes it a lot easier to understand when objects are compared to other as you can mentally picture the relationship between the two comparing things more vividly with the use of these language techniques.
The wooing section of this scene shows how powerful Richard is. He places a ring on her hand and asks for her hand in marriage. His real intention is to secure his place in the royal family. He uses the situation to benefit him and his status. The reason in which Lady Anne agrees is also because it will better her status. Most marriages in the play only ever involve status and how good they look in the scheme of things. In the last section of the scene you see Richard jumping joyfully around, showing the audience that he is in a happy mood he delivers one of his soliloquies to the audience. This is done so the audience knows what he is thinking and what Richards’s inner motives are. His plan has been successful as he has triumphantly wooed Lady Anne. He is only going to use Anne and states she will soon be dead like everyone else who steps in his way. Music is entered into the scene. The music is extremely lively and bubbly. This adds the effect of happiness which helps show the modern audience the inner emotions of Richard. By placing music into the scene it makes the emotion more powerful and easier to understand.
From watching the selected excerpt and reading the selected text I have learnt that there are many adaptations that the director must undertake. Many techniques are used in order to make it his/her own work and to make it easier for the modern audience of today to understand and interpret.
Due to Richard III cunningness and wit, he has ensured that good ultimately doesn’t conquered evil.
Mind that the sample papers like comparitive study of richard III presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Deformed at birth and bearing a hunchback, Richard III’s devastating charm, wit and courage controls the story of King Richard III. Richard is made out to be the perfect seducer of women and the charmer and leader of men. His great talents for evilness and being hungrily driven by power, the Duke of Gloucester has destructive plans to reach his ultimate goal. This goal being, to claim the throne and become the ‘King of England’. The way in which he tries to reach this, is to kill anyone in the royal bloodline who threatens his dream. His plans begin with the seduction of and eventual marriage to Lady Anne, whose husband he killed during the Civil War.
Viewing the 15 Richard Loncraine version and reading the original text, there are many differences and similarities between the two. The original text has been manipulated which has resulted in the differences between the two forms of text. The adaptation from the play to film is extremely well done, as a result of the director’s imagination and flare. The manipulation of Richard III has resulted in major cuts of text and characters. This manipulation has occurred as a result of trying to modernise. By doing this it has adapted the written text by Shakespeare to shape meaning for a modern audience in a contempory context.
The director of the film has used many features to try and achieve a modernised version of Richard III. Lighting, music, positioning of characters and dialogue are all examples of dramatic techniques. The manipulation of language and technical features are also well known techniques used to manipulate Shakespeare’s play. Some of these techniques consist of language, structure, imagery, and irony. All these features and techniques shape meaning and appeal to a modern audience when manipulated correctly.
In the start of scene two act 1 Anne and Richard are conversing over the death of Anne’s father in law in the play and Anne’s husband in the film. This is an example of a manipulation. It’s not an incredibly significant change in the way the audience would perceive the situation but it is still a form of manipulating the text.
In the first few minutes of this scene we see Lady Anne walking through the corridors of what looks like a morgue, seeming extremely sad and glum. We can tell this by the way in which she walks and positions her body. As she is walking music is added to the scene. This music is very mellow and has a saddening feel to it which creates the feeling of sorrow. We also see Lady Anne dressed in black. Black traditionally symbolises mourning. This act usually occurs when someone dies. Both the sense of dress and use of music tell the audience that something terrible has happened for example death. In the written text there is no indication of how Lady Anne should be postured and no suggestion for clothing that should be worn. The use of the morgue was also an adaptation used by the director to appeal to the modern day audience. The director manipulated this scene by changing the setting it which is was in. Being set in a morgue makes it more appealing to the audience as it’s obvious that someone has died by setting it in a place like the morgue and also makes it a lot easier to understand. In the written text it makes specific reference that lamenting Anne and the corps of her father in law enters the scene whereas in the film the body is already present in the scene as the scene is based in a morgue so it makes more sense for the body to already be there.
When Richard enters the scene he appears in military clothing, very much resembling the appearance of Hitler. Hitler being the one who planned to eliminate all Jews and Richard being the one who planned to eliminate the royal family. The film being set in the Hitler era (10’s) has a major impact on the audience as they can understand and relate as the Hitler era is a recent event in history. In the written text and Shakespearean time frame there is no figure head that Richard resembles therefore its not as effective.
In this section of the scene its obvious Anne is very distraught and angry at Richard. Richard admits to killing her husband. She shows the audience her anger by spending most of the scene wit her back to Richard. This is the result of how the director positions their characters. The way in which Anne is positioned adds to the understanding of the scene which helps the audience to comprehend how furious she is with Richard. In the written text it shows the anger Anne feels for Richard by the actions present eg, spitting, and glaring etc. and just by the use of dialogue. This is where the use of imagery enters the text. Vivid words and phrases help to create atmosphere and help conjure up emotions and mental pictures. The play is rich in animal imagery and many characters use this imagery on Richard. The use of metaphors, similes and personification are used to add to the effect of imagery. This use of language makes it a lot easier to understand when objects are compared to other as you can mentally picture the relationship between the two comparing things more vividly with the use of these language techniques.
The wooing section of this scene shows how powerful Richard is. He places a ring on her hand and asks for her hand in marriage. His real intention is to secure his place in the royal family. He uses the situation to benefit him and his status. The reason in which Lady Anne agrees is also because it will better her status. Most marriages in the play only ever involve status and how good they look in the scheme of things. In the last section of the scene you see Richard jumping joyfully around, showing the audience that he is in a happy mood he delivers one of his soliloquies to the audience. This is done so the audience knows what he is thinking and what Richards’s inner motives are. His plan has been successful as he has triumphantly wooed Lady Anne. He is only going to use Anne and states she will soon be dead like everyone else who steps in his way. Music is entered into the scene. The music is extremely lively and bubbly. This adds the effect of happiness which helps show the modern audience the inner emotions of Richard. By placing music into the scene it makes the emotion more powerful and easier to understand.
From watching the selected excerpt and reading the selected text I have learnt that there are many adaptations that the director must undertake. Many techniques are used in order to make it his/her own work and to make it easier for the modern audience of today to understand and interpret.
Due to Richard III cunningness and wit, he has ensured that good ultimately doesn’t conquered evil.
Mind that the sample papers like comparitive study of richard III presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 13, 2012
Essay comparing poetry by Heaney and Frost
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Essay comparing poetry by Heaney and Frost even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Essay comparing poetry by Heaney and Frost in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
How do the poets Heaney and Frost explore the elements of choice?
The two poems ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost and ‘An Advancement of Learning’ by Seamus Heaney both look at choice and show the differences between them. Both poets are trying to convey that in life, there are lots of decisions to make and our choices may influence a whole other sequence of events in out lives.
At the beginning of both of the poems, the men are faced with dilemmas about which way to walk. At the beginning of the Heaney poem, the man is faced with a choice about which route to take and one of the outcomes of this decision may result in him having to overcome his childhood fears. But at the beginning of the Frost poem, the man is faced with the choice of which road to take, both resulting in differences in his life.
If we look at the first stanza of the poems, at the beginning of Heaney, he says
“ I took the embankment path, (As always deferring the bridge)”
Already we know that this man does not want to cross the bridge, and has never done so. Looking at this further, this could be meaning that the man does not want to take the stable path, but wants to experience the more exciting route, showing his childish nature. And from saying that he never takes the bridge, this could show his lack of enthusiasm to grow up.
A bit further on we have the line
“Well away from the road now,’
which may again signify his lack of enthusiasm to grow up by trying to separate himself from the normal, adult world and way of life. He also could be trying to keep his childhood innocence by staying away from the dangers of everyday life.
The way that the poet sets the scene builds us up a picture of a very calm, tranquil setting in just one sentence
“The river nosed past, Pliable, oil-skinned, wearing a transfer of gables and sky.”
This sentence is a very simple sentence with lots of effects. The personification of the river in ‘the river nosed past’ makes it seem as if it is alive, but moving very slowly with hardly any current. The compound adjective ‘oil-skinned’ can show one of two things maybe a comparison to an oil painting, or maybe trying to describe a greasy film on top of the water, gleaming in the daylight. The lines ‘wearing a transfer of gables and sky’ again personifies the river, and again adds to the theory that the compound adjective ‘oil-skinned’ is referring to a painting by saying that you can see a perfect reflection in the water.
Then makes the appearance of the rat, of which the whole poem from this point is based around. In stanza three is when we first see the rat, and the man makes his disgust clear from the beginning with his use of sibilance (Something, slobbered, smudging, silence, slimed, sickened). This gives the effect of a hissing noise, which is associated with evil. If we look at these words, we can tell that he feels disgusted because they are very graphic adjectives.
After this, we know that he his opposing himself against the rat because we have three military references.
“Bridgehead,”
“Trained,”
“Retreated,”
The effect of these three references maybe show the man and boy as enemies of a kind of battle. This could be a metaphorical battle between the man and his reluctance to grow up. At the end of the ‘battle’, the man realises that the rat is not scary at all, and maybe this forces him to change his mind about the things that children fear.
The last line is
“Then I walked on and crossed the bridge.”
This last line signifies that the choice this man has made has affected his views on life and has removed his childhood innocence.
In the Frost poem he explores choice in a different way. In the first line we already know what the choice is
“Two roads diverged into a yellow wood,”
The fork in the road could be an extended metaphor for life and its decisions. He goes on to say, “sorry I could not travel both”, which gives us a sense of regret that this man has to make a decision. Already from the first two lines, we know that this man has a reluctance to make decisions. This poem is a dilemma of choice between two exclusive options.
He then says
“I looked down as far I could, to where it bent in the overgrowth”
This sentence shows us that the man is weighing up all his options, and the bend in road shows us that we cannot see the future.
For the rest of the poem, the man is deliberating what path to take. After looking down one road, he looks at the other and decides that it is just as nice, but there is one small difference
“Having perhaps the better claim, because it was grassy and wanted wear,”
This sentence tells us one thing that is very important to try and get the man’s views on life and himself. He is saying that this path appeals to him more because it seems to have been lee travelled by. Maybe he is trying to suggest that he is an individual and does not want to follow the crowd.
The is speculation however, further on in the poem when the man starts to say things which could question whether that path really is less travelled or not
“Both that morning equally lay, in leaves no step had trodden black,”
Whether he feels that he is deluding himself or not, he goes for the path that he thinks had less wear
“Oh, I kept the first for another day,”
the final line of this poem is
“I took the one less travelled by, and that has made all the difference.”
But the poem is called ‘The Road Not Taken’ showing that maybe he has had doubts about choosing the path that he took and he is deluding himself because he fancies himself as an individual.
These two poems show us that our choices reflect the person we think we are, and the person that we will become. They also show us that decisions are very complex and should be made with care.
Mind that the sample papers like Essay comparing poetry by Heaney and Frost presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
How do the poets Heaney and Frost explore the elements of choice?
The two poems ‘The Road Not Taken’ by Robert Frost and ‘An Advancement of Learning’ by Seamus Heaney both look at choice and show the differences between them. Both poets are trying to convey that in life, there are lots of decisions to make and our choices may influence a whole other sequence of events in out lives.
At the beginning of both of the poems, the men are faced with dilemmas about which way to walk. At the beginning of the Heaney poem, the man is faced with a choice about which route to take and one of the outcomes of this decision may result in him having to overcome his childhood fears. But at the beginning of the Frost poem, the man is faced with the choice of which road to take, both resulting in differences in his life.
If we look at the first stanza of the poems, at the beginning of Heaney, he says
“ I took the embankment path, (As always deferring the bridge)”
Already we know that this man does not want to cross the bridge, and has never done so. Looking at this further, this could be meaning that the man does not want to take the stable path, but wants to experience the more exciting route, showing his childish nature. And from saying that he never takes the bridge, this could show his lack of enthusiasm to grow up.
A bit further on we have the line
“Well away from the road now,’
which may again signify his lack of enthusiasm to grow up by trying to separate himself from the normal, adult world and way of life. He also could be trying to keep his childhood innocence by staying away from the dangers of everyday life.
The way that the poet sets the scene builds us up a picture of a very calm, tranquil setting in just one sentence
“The river nosed past, Pliable, oil-skinned, wearing a transfer of gables and sky.”
This sentence is a very simple sentence with lots of effects. The personification of the river in ‘the river nosed past’ makes it seem as if it is alive, but moving very slowly with hardly any current. The compound adjective ‘oil-skinned’ can show one of two things maybe a comparison to an oil painting, or maybe trying to describe a greasy film on top of the water, gleaming in the daylight. The lines ‘wearing a transfer of gables and sky’ again personifies the river, and again adds to the theory that the compound adjective ‘oil-skinned’ is referring to a painting by saying that you can see a perfect reflection in the water.
Then makes the appearance of the rat, of which the whole poem from this point is based around. In stanza three is when we first see the rat, and the man makes his disgust clear from the beginning with his use of sibilance (Something, slobbered, smudging, silence, slimed, sickened). This gives the effect of a hissing noise, which is associated with evil. If we look at these words, we can tell that he feels disgusted because they are very graphic adjectives.
After this, we know that he his opposing himself against the rat because we have three military references.
“Bridgehead,”
“Trained,”
“Retreated,”
The effect of these three references maybe show the man and boy as enemies of a kind of battle. This could be a metaphorical battle between the man and his reluctance to grow up. At the end of the ‘battle’, the man realises that the rat is not scary at all, and maybe this forces him to change his mind about the things that children fear.
The last line is
“Then I walked on and crossed the bridge.”
This last line signifies that the choice this man has made has affected his views on life and has removed his childhood innocence.
In the Frost poem he explores choice in a different way. In the first line we already know what the choice is
“Two roads diverged into a yellow wood,”
The fork in the road could be an extended metaphor for life and its decisions. He goes on to say, “sorry I could not travel both”, which gives us a sense of regret that this man has to make a decision. Already from the first two lines, we know that this man has a reluctance to make decisions. This poem is a dilemma of choice between two exclusive options.
He then says
“I looked down as far I could, to where it bent in the overgrowth”
This sentence shows us that the man is weighing up all his options, and the bend in road shows us that we cannot see the future.
For the rest of the poem, the man is deliberating what path to take. After looking down one road, he looks at the other and decides that it is just as nice, but there is one small difference
“Having perhaps the better claim, because it was grassy and wanted wear,”
This sentence tells us one thing that is very important to try and get the man’s views on life and himself. He is saying that this path appeals to him more because it seems to have been lee travelled by. Maybe he is trying to suggest that he is an individual and does not want to follow the crowd.
The is speculation however, further on in the poem when the man starts to say things which could question whether that path really is less travelled or not
“Both that morning equally lay, in leaves no step had trodden black,”
Whether he feels that he is deluding himself or not, he goes for the path that he thinks had less wear
“Oh, I kept the first for another day,”
the final line of this poem is
“I took the one less travelled by, and that has made all the difference.”
But the poem is called ‘The Road Not Taken’ showing that maybe he has had doubts about choosing the path that he took and he is deluding himself because he fancies himself as an individual.
These two poems show us that our choices reflect the person we think we are, and the person that we will become. They also show us that decisions are very complex and should be made with care.
Mind that the sample papers like Essay comparing poetry by Heaney and Frost presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Double Telling, Socio-Historical Context and Asian Americans
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Double Telling, Socio-Historical Context and Asian Americans even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Double Telling, Socio-Historical Context and Asian Americans in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Often, in cases in which a literary text is adapted to film, certain elements and techniques in the literary text are lost. Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, written in the mid 100’s, portray the lives of two Japanese American families. Approximately half a century later, Emiko Omori produced a film adaptation of the two stories melded into one, titled Hot Summer Winds. In her short stories, Hisaye Yamamoto employs an interesting strategy of running two plots parallel in a singular story line; the existence of a latent plot within a manifest plot. This tactic of “double telling” as described by King Kok Cheung, requires the reader to take an active part in reading the story; the reader must investigate beyond the text itself in order to understand the intricacies of the latent plot. The tactic of “double telling” is lost in Emiko Omori’s Hot Summer Winds; however her adaptation still remains true in that it succeeds to represent the Asian American family. However one must take note that the depiction of the Asian American family differ between Yamamoto and Omori, primarily due to the social content of their respective times.
Both of Yamamoto’s short stories employ the use of “double telling” throughout the story line; that is, in the short stories Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, the readers are presented with both a manifest plot and a latent plot. The manifest plot is the storyline that is being directly told by that of that of the speaker in the text, therfore in Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, the speaker assumes the views of Rosie and Yoneko, and thus presents to the readers the manifest plot. Therefore, the manifest plot can be simply defined as the story that is presented in the foreground; all that is presented openly before the reader and told by the speaker attributes to the manifest plot. In Seventeen Syllables Rosie’s growing love interest with Jesus and her excitement in these new found emotions consist of the majority of the manifest plot; it is important to point out that the speaker is not Rosie herself, but rather a third person that takes the point of view of Rosie throughout the short story. The same technique is applied again in Yoneko’s Earthquake, where the speaker subjects herself to the child-like scrutiny of Yoneko.
The opposite component of the manifest plot is the latent plot. If the manifest plot is defined as the storyline that is directly presented in the foreground, then the latent plot is the story that lies hidden in the background; ‘hidden’ meaning that it is masked behind the story told by the speaker. In Seventeen Syllables, the latent storyline consists of the hidden emotions and tensions of Rosie’s parents. The process and events in which the parents engage in are, for the most part, veiled into the backdrop of Rosie’s story. However, it becomes evidently clear in Seventeen Syllables that there indeed lies a plot underneath Rosie’s limited point of view; Rosie’s childhood observations hint at certain events regarding her mother and father that are of greater significance than what they appear to be.
Only by piecing together the hints dropped by Rosie and Yoneko are the readers able to recognize that there exists an entirely different element to the speaker’s story; only by taking the clues given in the manifest text and piecing them together can the reader truly understand the existence of a latent plot. As discussed earlier, the latent plot is shrouded behind the story presented in the foreground and runs parallel to the manifest plot, and thus Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, excellently hide the parental story by taking advantage of the Rosie and Yoneko’s child-like point of view.
Yamamoto’s use of a child’s point of view in her stories, further melds the latent plot into the background in that the narrator herself assumes the view of the child and thus is unable fully understand the complexities of the adult world. With the awakening of the poetess, Ume Hanazano, a conflict arises between Rosie’s parents. The readers learn that “The new interest had some repercussions on the household routines” (). As Rosie’s mother becomes interested in writing haiku’s, Rosie becomes aware that the household practices between her parents have changed; her father who used to play cards with her mother every night, finds himself sitting alone and playing solitaire (). Thus, the readers understand that Rosie comprehends the changes in the physical aspects of her parent’s relationship. Rosie reports that her father now plays solitaire alone and on their visit to the Hayano residence, her father is left alone looking at picture magazines while her mother discussed poetry with Mr. Hayano. Rosie can see the changing physical aspects of her parent’s relationship; however she is unaware of the rising emotional tension between her mother and father. It is only through careful observation and inference that one is able to see that there exists a feeling of apprehension between Rosie’s parents.
Again in Yoneko’s Earthquake, Yamamoto employs the same dualistic plot; the story is told from the perspective of a child who is unable to fully understand the complex dynamics of the adult world. Thus, the story revolves around Yoneko and her childhood emotions and thus conceals the latent emotions between her parents. The inferiority complex of Mr. Hosoume to Marpo, the sexual affair between Yoneko’s mother and Marpo, and the abortion of the illegitimate child all lay buried underneath Yoneko’s inability to comprehend adulthood. The diegetic text does not mention such words as “inferiority complex,” “affair,” and “abortion,” rather the readers are left to infer these feelings and actions from the little evidence given by Yamamoto to infer these feelings and actions. Indeed, as a literary technique, the duality of the manifest and latent plot draws the reader to look beyond mere words and texts themselves, and induces contemplation and hypothesization in an attempt to understand the designs in the background.
The “double telling” method in Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake are effective on a literary level, however Emiko Omori’s film adaptation of Yamamoto’s short stories omit the usage of a dual manifest and latent plot. Although the film adaptation is interestingly enjoyable, Hot Summer Winds differs greatly from the literary texts in several ways. One must take into account that in producing the film adaptation, Omori melded two stories together and thus, in a sense, created an entirely new story. Hot Summer Winds, deals with many of the issues and events covered in Yamamoto’s short stories, however in the process of merging the two short stories, the film adaptation becomes a completely different story in itself.
A noticeable difference between Hot Summer Winds and Yamamoto’s short stories is Omori’s choice in employing an older Yoneko to narrate. Yamamoto’s choice in selecting a young character to act as the center of her story was for the purpose of limiting the exposure of the latent plot. By utilizing an older Yoneko to narrate the film, Omori sets up a different atmosphere in that the audience believes that the recollection is from a mature adult, and thus the story being told becomes objective. With Yamamoto’s short stories, the audience must take into account the young ages of both Rosie and Yoneko and must view the stories subjectively in order to understand the latent plot. Thus, in the film, many of the events that were hidden underneath Yamamoto’s text appear candidly before the audience’s eyes; the sexual affair of Yoneko’s mother and the abortion of the illegitimate pregnancy are explicitly portrayed in the film. Therefore the participation and discovery needed by the readers in reading Yamamto’s short stories is lost in Omori’s Hot Summer Winds.
Another interesting aspect that Omori includes in her film adaptation is the awakening of the mother’s sexual agency; whereas the readers are left uncertain as to how the love affair came to be in Yoneko’s Earthquake, Omori’s film confidently shows a sexually secure woman engaging in an extramarital affair on her on will. Due to the concealed nature of the latent plot, the readers are left to speculate on the events leading up to Yoneko’s mother’s affair with Marpo. However, in Hot Summer Winds there is a series of cut scenes in which the mother fantasizes about Marpo, and in the following scene we see that the mother acts out her fantasies. Thus in some sense, the mother in Hot Summer Winds is a stronger woman in that she takes hold of her sexual agency; she takes her body as her own and takes ownership of her sensuality. There arise many speculations as to why Omori handled the affair in this manner, the most reasonable answer being the different social and historical contexts that shaped Omori’s work.
Hisaye Yamamoto, wrote Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake in 14 and 151 and according to Elaine H. Kim’s interview with Yamamoto, Yamamoto states that, “I guess I write to reaffirm certain basic truths which seem to get lost in the shuffle from generation to generation, so that we seem destined to go on making the same mistakes over and over again. If the reader is entertained, wonderful. If he learns something, that’s a bonus” (110). Thus we see that Yamamoto’s purpose is to present to the readers the relationship between first generation Asian American parents and their second generation children. Yamamoto wrote her story prior to the 160’s, before the Women’s Movement, thus one may argue that Yamamoto’s purposely hides the mother’s affair with Marpo due to the social norms of her time. Emiko Omori adapted Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake to film in the early 10’s, nearly three decades after the Women’s Movement. Omori was also raised in a time in which women had the freedom to be openly liberal with their sexuality. Thus, one can see that Omori’s agenda in constructing Hot Summer Winds differ from that of Yamamoto’s; whereas Yamamoto was strictly presenting the generation gap between the first generation and second generation, Omori is interested more in the presenting of the Asian American family in the current social avenue and thus applies not only the traditional social contexts covered by Yamamoto, but also adds those of the current social norms.
The dual plot method employed by Hisaye Yamamoto effectively grasps the reader’s attention by forcing the reader to participate in order to unearth the complex dynamics of the adult world, and thus Yamamoto’s short stories present an interesting representation of Asian Americans. Although the element of “double telling” is lost in Omori’s film adaptation Hot Summer Winds, one can conclude that the film still succeeds in that, like it’s literary origins, it portrays an Asian American family living in the United States during the early 100’s. The difference in the representation lie not in the personal preferences of Yamamoto and Omori, but rather in the different social history that each subsisted in.
Mind that the sample papers like Double Telling, Socio-Historical Context and Asian Americans presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Often, in cases in which a literary text is adapted to film, certain elements and techniques in the literary text are lost. Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, written in the mid 100’s, portray the lives of two Japanese American families. Approximately half a century later, Emiko Omori produced a film adaptation of the two stories melded into one, titled Hot Summer Winds. In her short stories, Hisaye Yamamoto employs an interesting strategy of running two plots parallel in a singular story line; the existence of a latent plot within a manifest plot. This tactic of “double telling” as described by King Kok Cheung, requires the reader to take an active part in reading the story; the reader must investigate beyond the text itself in order to understand the intricacies of the latent plot. The tactic of “double telling” is lost in Emiko Omori’s Hot Summer Winds; however her adaptation still remains true in that it succeeds to represent the Asian American family. However one must take note that the depiction of the Asian American family differ between Yamamoto and Omori, primarily due to the social content of their respective times.
Both of Yamamoto’s short stories employ the use of “double telling” throughout the story line; that is, in the short stories Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, the readers are presented with both a manifest plot and a latent plot. The manifest plot is the storyline that is being directly told by that of that of the speaker in the text, therfore in Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, the speaker assumes the views of Rosie and Yoneko, and thus presents to the readers the manifest plot. Therefore, the manifest plot can be simply defined as the story that is presented in the foreground; all that is presented openly before the reader and told by the speaker attributes to the manifest plot. In Seventeen Syllables Rosie’s growing love interest with Jesus and her excitement in these new found emotions consist of the majority of the manifest plot; it is important to point out that the speaker is not Rosie herself, but rather a third person that takes the point of view of Rosie throughout the short story. The same technique is applied again in Yoneko’s Earthquake, where the speaker subjects herself to the child-like scrutiny of Yoneko.
The opposite component of the manifest plot is the latent plot. If the manifest plot is defined as the storyline that is directly presented in the foreground, then the latent plot is the story that lies hidden in the background; ‘hidden’ meaning that it is masked behind the story told by the speaker. In Seventeen Syllables, the latent storyline consists of the hidden emotions and tensions of Rosie’s parents. The process and events in which the parents engage in are, for the most part, veiled into the backdrop of Rosie’s story. However, it becomes evidently clear in Seventeen Syllables that there indeed lies a plot underneath Rosie’s limited point of view; Rosie’s childhood observations hint at certain events regarding her mother and father that are of greater significance than what they appear to be.
Only by piecing together the hints dropped by Rosie and Yoneko are the readers able to recognize that there exists an entirely different element to the speaker’s story; only by taking the clues given in the manifest text and piecing them together can the reader truly understand the existence of a latent plot. As discussed earlier, the latent plot is shrouded behind the story presented in the foreground and runs parallel to the manifest plot, and thus Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake, excellently hide the parental story by taking advantage of the Rosie and Yoneko’s child-like point of view.
Yamamoto’s use of a child’s point of view in her stories, further melds the latent plot into the background in that the narrator herself assumes the view of the child and thus is unable fully understand the complexities of the adult world. With the awakening of the poetess, Ume Hanazano, a conflict arises between Rosie’s parents. The readers learn that “The new interest had some repercussions on the household routines” (). As Rosie’s mother becomes interested in writing haiku’s, Rosie becomes aware that the household practices between her parents have changed; her father who used to play cards with her mother every night, finds himself sitting alone and playing solitaire (). Thus, the readers understand that Rosie comprehends the changes in the physical aspects of her parent’s relationship. Rosie reports that her father now plays solitaire alone and on their visit to the Hayano residence, her father is left alone looking at picture magazines while her mother discussed poetry with Mr. Hayano. Rosie can see the changing physical aspects of her parent’s relationship; however she is unaware of the rising emotional tension between her mother and father. It is only through careful observation and inference that one is able to see that there exists a feeling of apprehension between Rosie’s parents.
Again in Yoneko’s Earthquake, Yamamoto employs the same dualistic plot; the story is told from the perspective of a child who is unable to fully understand the complex dynamics of the adult world. Thus, the story revolves around Yoneko and her childhood emotions and thus conceals the latent emotions between her parents. The inferiority complex of Mr. Hosoume to Marpo, the sexual affair between Yoneko’s mother and Marpo, and the abortion of the illegitimate child all lay buried underneath Yoneko’s inability to comprehend adulthood. The diegetic text does not mention such words as “inferiority complex,” “affair,” and “abortion,” rather the readers are left to infer these feelings and actions from the little evidence given by Yamamoto to infer these feelings and actions. Indeed, as a literary technique, the duality of the manifest and latent plot draws the reader to look beyond mere words and texts themselves, and induces contemplation and hypothesization in an attempt to understand the designs in the background.
The “double telling” method in Hisaye Yamamoto’s Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake are effective on a literary level, however Emiko Omori’s film adaptation of Yamamoto’s short stories omit the usage of a dual manifest and latent plot. Although the film adaptation is interestingly enjoyable, Hot Summer Winds differs greatly from the literary texts in several ways. One must take into account that in producing the film adaptation, Omori melded two stories together and thus, in a sense, created an entirely new story. Hot Summer Winds, deals with many of the issues and events covered in Yamamoto’s short stories, however in the process of merging the two short stories, the film adaptation becomes a completely different story in itself.
A noticeable difference between Hot Summer Winds and Yamamoto’s short stories is Omori’s choice in employing an older Yoneko to narrate. Yamamoto’s choice in selecting a young character to act as the center of her story was for the purpose of limiting the exposure of the latent plot. By utilizing an older Yoneko to narrate the film, Omori sets up a different atmosphere in that the audience believes that the recollection is from a mature adult, and thus the story being told becomes objective. With Yamamoto’s short stories, the audience must take into account the young ages of both Rosie and Yoneko and must view the stories subjectively in order to understand the latent plot. Thus, in the film, many of the events that were hidden underneath Yamamoto’s text appear candidly before the audience’s eyes; the sexual affair of Yoneko’s mother and the abortion of the illegitimate pregnancy are explicitly portrayed in the film. Therefore the participation and discovery needed by the readers in reading Yamamto’s short stories is lost in Omori’s Hot Summer Winds.
Another interesting aspect that Omori includes in her film adaptation is the awakening of the mother’s sexual agency; whereas the readers are left uncertain as to how the love affair came to be in Yoneko’s Earthquake, Omori’s film confidently shows a sexually secure woman engaging in an extramarital affair on her on will. Due to the concealed nature of the latent plot, the readers are left to speculate on the events leading up to Yoneko’s mother’s affair with Marpo. However, in Hot Summer Winds there is a series of cut scenes in which the mother fantasizes about Marpo, and in the following scene we see that the mother acts out her fantasies. Thus in some sense, the mother in Hot Summer Winds is a stronger woman in that she takes hold of her sexual agency; she takes her body as her own and takes ownership of her sensuality. There arise many speculations as to why Omori handled the affair in this manner, the most reasonable answer being the different social and historical contexts that shaped Omori’s work.
Hisaye Yamamoto, wrote Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake in 14 and 151 and according to Elaine H. Kim’s interview with Yamamoto, Yamamoto states that, “I guess I write to reaffirm certain basic truths which seem to get lost in the shuffle from generation to generation, so that we seem destined to go on making the same mistakes over and over again. If the reader is entertained, wonderful. If he learns something, that’s a bonus” (110). Thus we see that Yamamoto’s purpose is to present to the readers the relationship between first generation Asian American parents and their second generation children. Yamamoto wrote her story prior to the 160’s, before the Women’s Movement, thus one may argue that Yamamoto’s purposely hides the mother’s affair with Marpo due to the social norms of her time. Emiko Omori adapted Seventeen Syllables and Yoneko’s Earthquake to film in the early 10’s, nearly three decades after the Women’s Movement. Omori was also raised in a time in which women had the freedom to be openly liberal with their sexuality. Thus, one can see that Omori’s agenda in constructing Hot Summer Winds differ from that of Yamamoto’s; whereas Yamamoto was strictly presenting the generation gap between the first generation and second generation, Omori is interested more in the presenting of the Asian American family in the current social avenue and thus applies not only the traditional social contexts covered by Yamamoto, but also adds those of the current social norms.
The dual plot method employed by Hisaye Yamamoto effectively grasps the reader’s attention by forcing the reader to participate in order to unearth the complex dynamics of the adult world, and thus Yamamoto’s short stories present an interesting representation of Asian Americans. Although the element of “double telling” is lost in Omori’s film adaptation Hot Summer Winds, one can conclude that the film still succeeds in that, like it’s literary origins, it portrays an Asian American family living in the United States during the early 100’s. The difference in the representation lie not in the personal preferences of Yamamoto and Omori, but rather in the different social history that each subsisted in.
Mind that the sample papers like Double Telling, Socio-Historical Context and Asian Americans presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
consumer behaviour
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like consumer behaviour even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like consumer behaviour in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
1. Describe a choice that you have made in each of the following categories
a. A carer choice
That must be a noncompensatory model. That means one single attribute can eliminate a brand from consideration. I was offered a sales job back home, but the travelling time for me to get to work would be 0 minutes by car and two hours by car. Even tough the salary was good. It did not make me take the job because of the distance. I ended up taking a job ten minutes from my home. Salary was a lower. But the place was much closer.
b. A Quick choice
Must be one Saturday when I stepped in on a McDonalds’ I was hungry, and felt like food instantly. So I bought it, it was not because I thought the food looked to great, but it was reasonably and fulfilled my needs. The great thing is the speed of the delivery.
c. A high involvement consumer choice
I bought a car. So I was looking in all magazines to fins a valuable car for my savings.
d. A low involvement consumer choice
I was grocery shopping at Woolworth’s when I saw they had vanilla coke on sale. I had not tasted it before. I looked at the price and I bought it without affect. So I formed my opinion about the product after I had bought it. So here I can say that my attitudes towards Vanilla coke were based in consumption experience than on information communicated in the market.
(By the way my affect was negative.
e. A choice relating to your friends
Whenever I am with my friends everything is so joy able so I do not care if the product that we buy for dinner, is not my favourite meal, I am willing to sacrifice my needs for the group. Because I am just happy being with my friends.
f. An academic choice
Must be when I was deciding to start studying abroad in Australia.
How are these choices alike? How are they different? For each choice, describe a model or theory that explains this choice?
Quick choice and low involvement are both similar because it is impulse purchase behaviour. Both of the products are inexpensive.
Think of ways your attitude is affected by advertising. As an example, what is your attitude toward the Bud frogs’ commercials? Do you buy Budweiser beer? Why or why not? What do you think of the Budweiser frogs and lizards? What benefits does Budweiser achieve from this kind of advertising? What kinds of liabilities are there? Why does Budweiser use a different ad agency for the lizard commercials than it uses for the frog commercial?
I have not seen that commercial. I am sorry. But I sometimes consume Budweiser beer, because it reminds me of the time I was in the chech republic. Budweiser’s origin country.
5. Why are marketing mangers interested in consumer attitudes? What evidence do we have that attitude exists.
Attitudes are ways to summarize consumers’ thoughts and feelings and actions. So from a managerial perspective, it is a process of persuasion. Managers want to convince consumers to try their brands. The elaboration likelihood model describes two routes to persuasion. The central route to persuasion and the peripheral route to persuasion. Under the central route persuasion consumers pay attention to main massages, while in the peripheral route to persuasion consumer’s focus on secondary cues. These processes of persuasion differ among cultures.
7. Think of a time when someone used the foot- in- the- door approach on you. Did you buy the product? Why or why not?
No I hate that, when you go to a store, and you feel pressure to buy something. I remember especially one day when I went to a clothing store back home. Not before you have walked into the store two girls and a guy are running around with six different dresses that will look good on you. My attitude towards that store is really negative. Because they act the way they do I would not consider buying anything from that store, because I hate people forcing me to buy something that I don’t want just to see their sales figures raise.
. Describe different kinds of consumer heuristics (i.e., shortcuts) under what examples are these heuristics used to make consumer decisions? Give examples from your own life. Describe a decision situation where you used some shortcuts. Why did you take these shortcuts? Was your resulting decision optimal or satisfying? Why or Why not?
A heuristic is a general rule of thumb that consumers use to simplify a decision task. It can also be described as short cuts to save time and effort. A variety of noncompensatory decision models illustrates the idea of consumer heuristics. One of them might be if a product scores badly on one attributed; it can eliminate a brand from consideration.
More examples of consumer heuristics are inference making, and list making. Inference making helps consumer to make a choice without complete information by generalizing from the information they know.
List making is what I do when I go shopping. It is my script, sometimes I write brand names and sometimes just the products. I do it so I wont forget anything, and it is timesaving and it helps me not to buy the whole store. I
Mind that the sample papers like consumer behaviour presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
1. Describe a choice that you have made in each of the following categories
a. A carer choice
That must be a noncompensatory model. That means one single attribute can eliminate a brand from consideration. I was offered a sales job back home, but the travelling time for me to get to work would be 0 minutes by car and two hours by car. Even tough the salary was good. It did not make me take the job because of the distance. I ended up taking a job ten minutes from my home. Salary was a lower. But the place was much closer.
b. A Quick choice
Must be one Saturday when I stepped in on a McDonalds’ I was hungry, and felt like food instantly. So I bought it, it was not because I thought the food looked to great, but it was reasonably and fulfilled my needs. The great thing is the speed of the delivery.
c. A high involvement consumer choice
I bought a car. So I was looking in all magazines to fins a valuable car for my savings.
d. A low involvement consumer choice
I was grocery shopping at Woolworth’s when I saw they had vanilla coke on sale. I had not tasted it before. I looked at the price and I bought it without affect. So I formed my opinion about the product after I had bought it. So here I can say that my attitudes towards Vanilla coke were based in consumption experience than on information communicated in the market.
(By the way my affect was negative.
e. A choice relating to your friends
Whenever I am with my friends everything is so joy able so I do not care if the product that we buy for dinner, is not my favourite meal, I am willing to sacrifice my needs for the group. Because I am just happy being with my friends.
f. An academic choice
Must be when I was deciding to start studying abroad in Australia.
How are these choices alike? How are they different? For each choice, describe a model or theory that explains this choice?
Quick choice and low involvement are both similar because it is impulse purchase behaviour. Both of the products are inexpensive.
Think of ways your attitude is affected by advertising. As an example, what is your attitude toward the Bud frogs’ commercials? Do you buy Budweiser beer? Why or why not? What do you think of the Budweiser frogs and lizards? What benefits does Budweiser achieve from this kind of advertising? What kinds of liabilities are there? Why does Budweiser use a different ad agency for the lizard commercials than it uses for the frog commercial?
I have not seen that commercial. I am sorry. But I sometimes consume Budweiser beer, because it reminds me of the time I was in the chech republic. Budweiser’s origin country.
5. Why are marketing mangers interested in consumer attitudes? What evidence do we have that attitude exists.
Attitudes are ways to summarize consumers’ thoughts and feelings and actions. So from a managerial perspective, it is a process of persuasion. Managers want to convince consumers to try their brands. The elaboration likelihood model describes two routes to persuasion. The central route to persuasion and the peripheral route to persuasion. Under the central route persuasion consumers pay attention to main massages, while in the peripheral route to persuasion consumer’s focus on secondary cues. These processes of persuasion differ among cultures.
7. Think of a time when someone used the foot- in- the- door approach on you. Did you buy the product? Why or why not?
No I hate that, when you go to a store, and you feel pressure to buy something. I remember especially one day when I went to a clothing store back home. Not before you have walked into the store two girls and a guy are running around with six different dresses that will look good on you. My attitude towards that store is really negative. Because they act the way they do I would not consider buying anything from that store, because I hate people forcing me to buy something that I don’t want just to see their sales figures raise.
. Describe different kinds of consumer heuristics (i.e., shortcuts) under what examples are these heuristics used to make consumer decisions? Give examples from your own life. Describe a decision situation where you used some shortcuts. Why did you take these shortcuts? Was your resulting decision optimal or satisfying? Why or Why not?
A heuristic is a general rule of thumb that consumers use to simplify a decision task. It can also be described as short cuts to save time and effort. A variety of noncompensatory decision models illustrates the idea of consumer heuristics. One of them might be if a product scores badly on one attributed; it can eliminate a brand from consideration.
More examples of consumer heuristics are inference making, and list making. Inference making helps consumer to make a choice without complete information by generalizing from the information they know.
List making is what I do when I go shopping. It is my script, sometimes I write brand names and sometimes just the products. I do it so I wont forget anything, and it is timesaving and it helps me not to buy the whole store. I
Mind that the sample papers like consumer behaviour presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
College Funds
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like College Funds even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like College Funds in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Some would say that intercollegiate athletics is an excellent public relations and fund raising arm for colleges, while providing education and training to future professional athletes. On the other hand, some people think that intercollegiate athletics corrupt their educational institutions by creating a double standard and devaluing scholarship in favor of athletic competition. Both sides could have a valid point, and could back their side up with facts.
Many questions arise from the topic. What do colleges owe the student athlete?
Would financial compensation compromise academic and institutional integrity?
Should colleges be training grounds for athletic careers? Should colleges lower the admission standards for athletes? Is the huge amount of money spent by colleges on athletic programs justified? How do winning teams benefit the university or college or even the athlete?
Lets start with the simple answer to the easy question; How do winning teams benefit the university or college or even the athlete? Lets look at college football for instance. Say a University’s team wins all of their games. Now in college football, if a team does well they go to bowl games. Just going to a bowl game alone would earn the University money, plus the money they could get for television time. If a team does really, well, like going unbeaten, then the could go on to bigger games on the big stations like ABC or CBS whose payoffs are extremely large by any means. The same goes for all the other sports, a winning team will draw in more money and be on TV more. $70 million alone from TV and licensing deals is projected in this school year.
We have been able to provide so much more in terms of student-athlete welfare, participation opportunities, quality of education, quality of training because of the popularity of college sports and the increased revenues that have been a result, said Samuel Smith, chairman of the NCAA Executive Committee and president of Washington State University.
Academics criticize current college athletic programs for a least five reasons. First off, colleges routinely lower admission standards for athletes, who, in the Ivy League, have on average far lower SAT scores than the general student population. Many prestigious schools admit athletes with scores of only 80, almost 00 points below the national average, and even farther below their own standards. Some schools, such as Amherst and Williams designate a certain number of admission slots specifically for athletes (at Amherst 75 out of 450). One Middlebury student, whose entrance scores fell far below minimum standards, nonetheless gained admission by virtue of his prowess as a star hockey player. Once in college, athletes often enjoy preferential treatment. Many schools have special tutorial programs aimed solely at helping athletes meet minimum standards.
Huge amounts of money are spent on athletic programs. More than a dozen coaches now earn over $1 million a year. The University of Oregon spent $80 million on a new stadium. This big money, critics assert, has turned campuses into sports franchises. Many athletes do not attend college to learn, but rather, hope to use their collegiate experience to land positions on professional teams. In fact many leave early to pursue a professional career. If the get hurt as a professional and can not play the sport no more, what do they have to fall back on? Elite athletic programs mean regular students have fewer opportunities to play in college sports. Students who want to play to pass the time wont get to play because the school is trying to win to gain money in order to pay-off those expensive stadiums and “Big Time” coaches.
Then there is the marketing aspect of it all. In the last years, the NCAAs total revenues have increased 8,000 percent. This decade alone corporate sponsorships are on a pace to increase sevenfold, and the NCAAs $1.7 billion television contract is bigger than any single professional sports le ague deal with any network. Like professional football, basketball and baseball, the NCAA hawks its own licensed clothing. Like the NFL and NBA, it now owns its own traveling tent show , NCAA Hoop City. For $6, fans at the Final Four could try the Healthy Choice Hot Shot Challenge or the Hershey Shoot Around.
“The NCAA was never supposed to rival its professional counterparts. Its an educational, nonprofit organization. It pays no state or federal taxes on its billions in TV contracts, millions in sponsorships, millions in licenses and Final Four tickets. Its members are not sports teams at all, but institutions of higher learning.” -Mike McGraw The Star journalist.
Over 85 percent -- or $8 million of the $67 million in 17-8 revenues -- is returned in dollars, programs and services to the member colleges in all three divisions to support student-athlete welfare programs such as catastrophic injury insurance ($4 million); academic enhancement programs ($15 million); a special assistance fund ($10 million) to help needy student athletes pay for winter coats, supplies, trips home; and programs in sports science, youth development, sports agents and gambling, scholarships and more. The $8 million also includes $47.6 million for championships travel and expenses. NCAA administrative costs for operations, programs, salary and benefits amount to only 1.5 percent of the total budget or $ million.
Mind that the sample papers like College Funds presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Some would say that intercollegiate athletics is an excellent public relations and fund raising arm for colleges, while providing education and training to future professional athletes. On the other hand, some people think that intercollegiate athletics corrupt their educational institutions by creating a double standard and devaluing scholarship in favor of athletic competition. Both sides could have a valid point, and could back their side up with facts.
Many questions arise from the topic. What do colleges owe the student athlete?
Would financial compensation compromise academic and institutional integrity?
Should colleges be training grounds for athletic careers? Should colleges lower the admission standards for athletes? Is the huge amount of money spent by colleges on athletic programs justified? How do winning teams benefit the university or college or even the athlete?
Lets start with the simple answer to the easy question; How do winning teams benefit the university or college or even the athlete? Lets look at college football for instance. Say a University’s team wins all of their games. Now in college football, if a team does well they go to bowl games. Just going to a bowl game alone would earn the University money, plus the money they could get for television time. If a team does really, well, like going unbeaten, then the could go on to bigger games on the big stations like ABC or CBS whose payoffs are extremely large by any means. The same goes for all the other sports, a winning team will draw in more money and be on TV more. $70 million alone from TV and licensing deals is projected in this school year.
We have been able to provide so much more in terms of student-athlete welfare, participation opportunities, quality of education, quality of training because of the popularity of college sports and the increased revenues that have been a result, said Samuel Smith, chairman of the NCAA Executive Committee and president of Washington State University.
Academics criticize current college athletic programs for a least five reasons. First off, colleges routinely lower admission standards for athletes, who, in the Ivy League, have on average far lower SAT scores than the general student population. Many prestigious schools admit athletes with scores of only 80, almost 00 points below the national average, and even farther below their own standards. Some schools, such as Amherst and Williams designate a certain number of admission slots specifically for athletes (at Amherst 75 out of 450). One Middlebury student, whose entrance scores fell far below minimum standards, nonetheless gained admission by virtue of his prowess as a star hockey player. Once in college, athletes often enjoy preferential treatment. Many schools have special tutorial programs aimed solely at helping athletes meet minimum standards.
Huge amounts of money are spent on athletic programs. More than a dozen coaches now earn over $1 million a year. The University of Oregon spent $80 million on a new stadium. This big money, critics assert, has turned campuses into sports franchises. Many athletes do not attend college to learn, but rather, hope to use their collegiate experience to land positions on professional teams. In fact many leave early to pursue a professional career. If the get hurt as a professional and can not play the sport no more, what do they have to fall back on? Elite athletic programs mean regular students have fewer opportunities to play in college sports. Students who want to play to pass the time wont get to play because the school is trying to win to gain money in order to pay-off those expensive stadiums and “Big Time” coaches.
Then there is the marketing aspect of it all. In the last years, the NCAAs total revenues have increased 8,000 percent. This decade alone corporate sponsorships are on a pace to increase sevenfold, and the NCAAs $1.7 billion television contract is bigger than any single professional sports le ague deal with any network. Like professional football, basketball and baseball, the NCAA hawks its own licensed clothing. Like the NFL and NBA, it now owns its own traveling tent show , NCAA Hoop City. For $6, fans at the Final Four could try the Healthy Choice Hot Shot Challenge or the Hershey Shoot Around.
“The NCAA was never supposed to rival its professional counterparts. Its an educational, nonprofit organization. It pays no state or federal taxes on its billions in TV contracts, millions in sponsorships, millions in licenses and Final Four tickets. Its members are not sports teams at all, but institutions of higher learning.” -Mike McGraw The Star journalist.
Over 85 percent -- or $8 million of the $67 million in 17-8 revenues -- is returned in dollars, programs and services to the member colleges in all three divisions to support student-athlete welfare programs such as catastrophic injury insurance ($4 million); academic enhancement programs ($15 million); a special assistance fund ($10 million) to help needy student athletes pay for winter coats, supplies, trips home; and programs in sports science, youth development, sports agents and gambling, scholarships and more. The $8 million also includes $47.6 million for championships travel and expenses. NCAA administrative costs for operations, programs, salary and benefits amount to only 1.5 percent of the total budget or $ million.
Mind that the sample papers like College Funds presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Cold Mountaincomments of mankind
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Cold Mountaincomments of mankind even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Cold Mountaincomments of mankind in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Understandably, all literature, especially novels, is written to in some way allude to real life. Charles Frazier sets his novel, Cold Mountain, one hundred and forty years ago, yet the characters bear very close resemblance to real people of today. This novel teaches the reader many lessons about his own life. The characters show the reader that there are types of intelligence other that the easily measured book smarts and one should not judge someone by his looks or occupation. Also Inman shows the importance of ethics and morality when he is dealing with Veasley. Finally, the book teaches the reader the significance of having a parent.
Ruby is a very rustic character. She proves to be a very intelligent woman, although she was never able to attend school or learn to read. She was never given the opportunity to have the same kind of intelligence as Ada, the knowledge of classical literature and proper manners. However, Ruby’s knowledge of “farming, cookery, wild lore” absolutely fascinated Ada (106). This fascination is to the extents that even the well read Ada “envied her knowledge of how the world runs” (106). Also seemingly intelligent characters make very stupid decisions. One would normally assume, especially in the south at this time, that the priesthood would produce the most intelligent people around. This prediction does not hold true in the case of Veasley. Caught about to kill his lover, the married preacher, Veasley, is not a very smart person. Furthermore he makes other stupid decisions, for example, he sleeps with a prostitute and then gets himself killed and Inman shot by Teague and the “Home Guard.” Charles Frazier teaches the reader not to judge a person by their appearance. A white collar or a dirty look is not parallel to that person’s intelligence.
Inman is a very ethical man who always does what is right in his mind. One of his big conundrums in this story is the way in which he thinks he should deal with Veasley. Veasley is clearly not an ethical man neither is he a smart one. The injured Inman could have easily left Veasley alone to kill the girl, but instead he took precious time away from his journey to help Veasley and the girl. She was “exposed to every danger and guarded by the rare goodwill of” Inman (). The girl, Laura, is helpless. She is not even conscious and has no way at all to defend herself. Her life is owed to the completely selfless Inman. When Inman meets up with Veasley again, Veasley even thanks him. Inman “saved [him] from mortal sin” (117). Inman stands by his ethics; even though he “wanted no part in this” preacher’s life, he had to take the time and effort to help an innocent girl and therefore a guilty man (4). Frazier tells the reader to always think over matters of ethics, for “it is still a cloudy matter to [Inman] if [he] did the right thing” (117). Inman “wished not to be smirched with the mess of other people,” but still he abided by a moral code of ethics and saved the two lives (5).
Frazier goes on in depth about the relationship between Ruby and her father, Stobrod. From as early as Ruby can remember it was very bad. Stobrod never takes an active part in Ruby’s life and leaves her often. The way Ruby sees the situation, she has no parents. When Ruby was young, Stobrod never kept a tidy home, for “if it was not for the inconvenience of having a daughter, he might happily have taken up a dwelling in a hollow tree” (8). Ruby is neglected by her father, who often disappears for days to party. The absence of parent was not all bad for Ruby, however. She was forced to learn how to forage for food, and eventually “she knew all features of the mountains for twenty-five miles in any direction as intimately as a gardener would his bean rows” (85). However, without Stobrod working as a real father for her, Frazier portrays her life as being much harsher than anyone’s should be. Ruby holds a grudge against Stobrod and his laziness and apparently wishes that he were more involved in her upbringing. When he comes back after escaping from the war, Ruby wants little to do with him because of how he never really cared for her. Furthermore Ruby had found Ada, who cared for her much better than Stobrod ever did or ever will. Ruby remembers the bad times Stobrod created for her, if Stobrod is “alive or dead, he’s of little matter to” Ruby now. This father-daughter relationship makes the reader feel pity on Ruby and emphasizes the importance of a good parent.
A book written about characters that had qualities with no parallels to modern life or human nature would be a worthless piece of literature. Books are read to gain insight into one’s own psyche and to better comprehend one’s own life and life of others. Cold Mountain teaches its reader many lessons in life such as, people may be very different to what one would at first expect. Ruby, although, never having attending school is a very intelligent woman who knows almost everything about her surroundings. Also, the reader should expect a preacher to be righteous and ethical, but Veasley hardly fits that description. Additionally, Inman, who has more that his own share of worries takes time to do what is right and selfless in his dealings with Veasley and the many problems that he gets himself into. Finally the Frazier reinforces the importance of fatherhood to a child. For without parents Ruby lacks in emotion and hates her neglecting father. In many ways the reader benefits from the insight provided by Frazier, he has subsequently learned more about himself and in turn other around him.
Cold Mountain, by Charles Frazier
Mind that the sample papers like Cold Mountaincomments of mankind presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Understandably, all literature, especially novels, is written to in some way allude to real life. Charles Frazier sets his novel, Cold Mountain, one hundred and forty years ago, yet the characters bear very close resemblance to real people of today. This novel teaches the reader many lessons about his own life. The characters show the reader that there are types of intelligence other that the easily measured book smarts and one should not judge someone by his looks or occupation. Also Inman shows the importance of ethics and morality when he is dealing with Veasley. Finally, the book teaches the reader the significance of having a parent.
Ruby is a very rustic character. She proves to be a very intelligent woman, although she was never able to attend school or learn to read. She was never given the opportunity to have the same kind of intelligence as Ada, the knowledge of classical literature and proper manners. However, Ruby’s knowledge of “farming, cookery, wild lore” absolutely fascinated Ada (106). This fascination is to the extents that even the well read Ada “envied her knowledge of how the world runs” (106). Also seemingly intelligent characters make very stupid decisions. One would normally assume, especially in the south at this time, that the priesthood would produce the most intelligent people around. This prediction does not hold true in the case of Veasley. Caught about to kill his lover, the married preacher, Veasley, is not a very smart person. Furthermore he makes other stupid decisions, for example, he sleeps with a prostitute and then gets himself killed and Inman shot by Teague and the “Home Guard.” Charles Frazier teaches the reader not to judge a person by their appearance. A white collar or a dirty look is not parallel to that person’s intelligence.
Inman is a very ethical man who always does what is right in his mind. One of his big conundrums in this story is the way in which he thinks he should deal with Veasley. Veasley is clearly not an ethical man neither is he a smart one. The injured Inman could have easily left Veasley alone to kill the girl, but instead he took precious time away from his journey to help Veasley and the girl. She was “exposed to every danger and guarded by the rare goodwill of” Inman (). The girl, Laura, is helpless. She is not even conscious and has no way at all to defend herself. Her life is owed to the completely selfless Inman. When Inman meets up with Veasley again, Veasley even thanks him. Inman “saved [him] from mortal sin” (117). Inman stands by his ethics; even though he “wanted no part in this” preacher’s life, he had to take the time and effort to help an innocent girl and therefore a guilty man (4). Frazier tells the reader to always think over matters of ethics, for “it is still a cloudy matter to [Inman] if [he] did the right thing” (117). Inman “wished not to be smirched with the mess of other people,” but still he abided by a moral code of ethics and saved the two lives (5).
Frazier goes on in depth about the relationship between Ruby and her father, Stobrod. From as early as Ruby can remember it was very bad. Stobrod never takes an active part in Ruby’s life and leaves her often. The way Ruby sees the situation, she has no parents. When Ruby was young, Stobrod never kept a tidy home, for “if it was not for the inconvenience of having a daughter, he might happily have taken up a dwelling in a hollow tree” (8). Ruby is neglected by her father, who often disappears for days to party. The absence of parent was not all bad for Ruby, however. She was forced to learn how to forage for food, and eventually “she knew all features of the mountains for twenty-five miles in any direction as intimately as a gardener would his bean rows” (85). However, without Stobrod working as a real father for her, Frazier portrays her life as being much harsher than anyone’s should be. Ruby holds a grudge against Stobrod and his laziness and apparently wishes that he were more involved in her upbringing. When he comes back after escaping from the war, Ruby wants little to do with him because of how he never really cared for her. Furthermore Ruby had found Ada, who cared for her much better than Stobrod ever did or ever will. Ruby remembers the bad times Stobrod created for her, if Stobrod is “alive or dead, he’s of little matter to” Ruby now. This father-daughter relationship makes the reader feel pity on Ruby and emphasizes the importance of a good parent.
A book written about characters that had qualities with no parallels to modern life or human nature would be a worthless piece of literature. Books are read to gain insight into one’s own psyche and to better comprehend one’s own life and life of others. Cold Mountain teaches its reader many lessons in life such as, people may be very different to what one would at first expect. Ruby, although, never having attending school is a very intelligent woman who knows almost everything about her surroundings. Also, the reader should expect a preacher to be righteous and ethical, but Veasley hardly fits that description. Additionally, Inman, who has more that his own share of worries takes time to do what is right and selfless in his dealings with Veasley and the many problems that he gets himself into. Finally the Frazier reinforces the importance of fatherhood to a child. For without parents Ruby lacks in emotion and hates her neglecting father. In many ways the reader benefits from the insight provided by Frazier, he has subsequently learned more about himself and in turn other around him.
Cold Mountain, by Charles Frazier
Mind that the sample papers like Cold Mountaincomments of mankind presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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