We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like administrative qualities even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like administrative qualities in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
A Managerial Assessment Utilizing Panacucci’s Critical Dozen Administrative Qualities
Business in a Global Society
Professor Richard Panaccuci
Dan Goonin
December nd
For this assignment, the person I will be analyzing will be Bob Goonin. He is the Director/Founder of Step Up to Soccer a program which is designed to teach young children the basics of the game of soccer. I was a coach for this program in the summers of the last years of my life. Bob went to Brown University for two years of college before dropping out. He is my father, and also my boss during the summer. I have known him all my life and worked for him for summers.
1) Knowledge- A- (.67)
He gets an A- in the area because he has a vast knowledge of the field, he has ran this program for 11 summers, and has grown it from an idea to entertain me and my friends when we were young to a business serving over 50 daycare centers and over 000 children. He has worked hard to become knowledgeable in this field, researching and doing actually coaching to expand his knowledge. The reason he did not get an A was because he has never played soccer seriously himself and lacks some of the technical skills, but he gets around this problem by hiring coaches like me ho have played their entire lives and sending us into the field.
) Standards- A (4.0)
He doesn’t lack anything in this area, he is very clear about what is expected of a coach, and he has a set curriculum and although he doesn’t expect us to run our classes directly from the book it gives us a very clear idea of the type of stuff we should be doing. Before he hires a coach he goes over all the expectations and demands of the job ahead of time so the coach knows what he/she knows what they are getting into. This is an effective way of ensuring that the coach will enjoy the job and that they are right for it.
) Communications- B+ (.)
This is a little hard for me to judge because I live with him so I learn more about the inner workings of the company than most coaches. I believe from what I have seen with other coaches that he informs them about everything and anything that is pertinent to their job, but sometimes they do not seem to be informed about the overall situation.
4) Recognition- A (4.0)
This is an area in which Bob excels. Since he is not in the field with them and cannot see them in action, he has set up a great way of recognizing good work. At the end of each season, he sends in review forms for the daycare center to fill out. On this form is a review of himself as an administrator and of the coaches. Since most coaches work with or 4 centers, they have about 15 sets of rankings. Technical, how they are with kids, communication and interaction with the center and the parents, and timeliness. The coach will get reviewed in all 4 areas, and they get a rating between 1 and 5, with 1 being low and 5 being high. If the coach averages a 4 or better, they get a dollar bonus per class they taught that summer. In my case I averaged above a 4 and I had taught about 10 classes that summer so I got a 40 dollar bonus. This is a great way to get his coaches to work hard.
5) Empathy- A- (.67)
Bob is very good at understanding where his coaches are coming from. If a coach is feeling ill or has a serious commitment he/she must attend. He will not however, let it happen on a regular basis. He understands if it happens, but he excepts that it will not be a common occurrence. If a coach is absent from work on a regular basis, then penalties including possibly being fired will occur. The reason I didn’t give him an A is because in some situations I tend to think he is to trusting.
6) Consultative- A (4.0)
He has a system in place to get input from his coaches. At the end of the season, he gives the coaches a chance to review him as an administrator. He also gives them a spot where they can give any input for the curriculum as far as new drills or games to play with the kids, and also a spot for their input on the program in general and ways they think it can be improved. He takes the comments seriously, and it is not uncommon for a coach to suggest a game or drill and then find it in the curriculum then next year. He is not lacking in any way in this category.
7) Visibility Access- B- (.67)
The reason I gave him a low grade on this quality, was because he runs the program through a lot of email and phone calls. I give him more credit than his grade shows however, because in many cases there is a great distance between him and the coaches. It is also not a situation where it is necessary to see him everyday. He is however in constant communication through other forms with his coaches. He is almost always reachable if there is a problem. He does a good job being around whenever he is needed, but he doesn’t have face to face contact with his coaches everyday.
8) Follow Through- A (4.0)
I feel that whenever Bob says he will do something he follows through. I can’t remember a situation where he said he would do something and than didn’t follow through. He is good at not promising things he cannot do, and doing what he says he will. He is very reliable in almost all cases.
) Team Dynamics- B (.0)
He gets a B because he expects the best from himself and from his coaches, he knows that you win customers over by working hard and being attentive to their needs and he expects that from himself and his coaches. He didn’t get a higher grade because he doesn’t boast about the program and make the coaches feel like they are a part of something great, which in my opinion sometimes encourages letdowns. I believe if he worked a little harder to make coaches believe it is unacceptable not to be the best, then he would have less problems with coaches letting him down.
10) Consistency- A- (.67)
In almost all cases he is consistent and doesn’t show favoritism. He got an A- because he expects coaches to do their job, and when they do well, he rewards them, but if they don’t live up to his expectations, he will discipline them. The reason he didn’t get an A, is actually because of me. Usually he will not hire anyone that is has not yet graduated high school. Because I happen to be his son I had an advantage and when a coach quit mid season I was allowed to take over his classes. This was as a junior in high school. As a senior I had a full schedule and was a regular employee. The reason this didn’t hurt his grade more was because I proved to be a very reliable coach and got good reviews from all the centers I worked with.
11) Loyalty- B (.0)
He got a B in this category because if a center has a bad director or tough children to deal with he understands and will help as much as he can from an administrative standpoint. I didn’t give him a higher grade because in some situations there is not a lot he can do from his position. He will do all he can, but a coach will have to deal with tough kids and tough daycare center directors if feels like it is doable.
1) Connected to the Top- A (4.0)
This is a given A because not only is he coaches direct boss, it is a small business so he is the man at the top. If a coach has a problem or a suggestion they can give it to him and he does not have to ask anyone else, just himself. He has an advantage in this category because he runs a small business, it might be a different story if there was more employees in the business.
Bob Goonin’s overall average for this paper was a .58. This is about an A-.I believe this is a pretty accurate assessment of him as an administrator. He is overall a very good boss to work for, he is lacking in a few areas, but not many. I would love to work for bosses like him at all my jobs if I could. I have had multiple other jobs, and have seen both good and bad bosses, and all in all he ranks among the best I have worked for yet.
Categories I would need to work on to be a good administrator...
1) Recognition-
Sometimes I think I get to caught up in what I am doing or busy with that I forget that others are working as hard as I am. To improve upon this I would have to take time out of my days to make sure my employees were doing there job and reward the ones who are going above and beyond the necessary.
) Consultative-
This might be a problem because sometimes I am slightly thick headed, and if I think something is right than I will live and die by my opinions. This might hurt me because I might miss out on important information my employees might be able to give me. To work on this, I would have to accept that I can’t always be right and take advice from others. This doesn’t mean I would have to do what they say, I would have to make those decisions myself, but it would help to have input from others.
) Follow Through-
Sometimes I have a tendency to not follow through. This is because I get distracted, and get very involved in whatever is on my mind. This could be a problem because I can seem unreliable at times. It also might hurt me in the way that things might not get done when they need to get done. The way I could improve this would be to be more originized, and to try to focus more on what needs to get done.
Dan Goonin
Mind that the sample papers like administrative qualities presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, September 27, 2012
no topic
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like no topic even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like no topic in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
University Days
University politics are the most vicious politics of all�because the stakes are so low.-- Anonymous, sometimes falsely attributed to Henry Kissinger
October 11, 00
Im sure some of you have read James Thurbers1 essay University Days, a reminiscence of his years attending Ohio State University in the early part of the twentieth century. Thurber humorously relates the difficulties his extreme myopia caused him when he tried to use a microscope in biology class, how he and his fellow students did everything possible to help the dim-witted star fullback stay academically eligible for the big game against Illinois, and how he accidentally was the only ROTC cadet who performed the correct maneuver during a parade. If Thurber and his classmates never achieved academic superstardom, at least their time in college seemed to have been beneficial. At least a college education back then never seemed to do anyone any lasting damage, given that most professors in those halcyon days adhered to the Hippocratic dictum Do no harm. It all seemed so�how does one put it?�wholesome.As I write this, Im having coffee at my favorite restaurant in Munich, the News Bar on the corner of Schellingstrasse and Amalienstrasse. Its located on the campus of Ludwig Maximilian University, an area full of good cafes, excellent bookstores and very attractive girls. A couple of blocks away on 50 Schellingstrasse is the site of the Nazi Party during the early 10s. Further down the street on 6 Schellingstrasse is the site of Osteria Bavaria (now Osteria Italiana), Adolf Hitlers favorite restaurant.What do these facts have to do with one another? Well, its not discussed much in the historical literature, but Nazism was largely the product of academia. To be sure, virulent anti-Semitism and dreams of world conquest have roots that extend far beyond the hallowed halls of ivy; but the systematic amalgamation of anti-Semitism, theories of the superiority of the German people, and the geopolitical movement to acquire Lebensraum was a product of the university, specifically Ludwig Maximilian University. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goering and Rudolf Hess all took classes at LMU after World War I. Indeed, Hess was working on a graduate degree under the supervision of Professor Karl Haushofer, the chief architect of the concept of Lebensraum. The LMU student body was overwhelmingly pro-Nazi. LMU Student Body President Baldur von Schirach later became head of the Hitler Youth and subsequently was one of the Nuremberg Trial defendants who received a prison sentence for his crimes. And let us not forget that Joseph Goebbels received his doctorate in literature from the University of Heidelberg.My point is not to single out German academics for any special opprobrium. They were simply doing what their colleagues at Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard and any number of universities throughout the English-speaking world were doing at the same time (and in many cases continue to do), namely, using the academic freedom and social prestige of the university to support a totalitarian vision of the future, one that would ultimately eliminate the universitys freedom and prestige if it ever came into power. In Germany the academics worshipped Hitler; in America and Britain they worshipped Stalin; and in America they still worship the ghost of Stalin.The idyll of Thurbers youth is a lost paradise of the imagination, existing today only in the pages of novels by Henry James and R. F. Delderfield. Thurbers parents sent him to college with the assurance that even if he didnt learn all that much, he would probably pick up some knowledge and perhaps a few social skills that would serve him in good stead for the rest of his life. After Thurbers time, parents sent their children off to college in what is essentially an academic crapshoot, hoping against hope that their offspring wouldnt get too damaged along the way as they picked up the sheepskin that statistics told us would ensure 5.7% more lifetime earning power over those poor souls who only managed to matriculate from high school.What went wrong? Why did universities in the 0th century abandon the search for truth in favor of the deliberate ideological distortion of truth? Why did universities reject the noble calling of being the repositories of knowledge in favor of becoming factories for the fabrication of falsehoods? And ultimately, why did universities reject freedom in favor of slavery and oppression?There are a number of reasons why Hitler, Stalin, Mao, Fidel, Che, Ho Chi Minh and Pol Pot have been the darlings of academia instead of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Locke, Montesquieu and Cicero. Freedom, especially the American variety, is rooted in the natural law and in a respect for the lessons of history. Americans believe that humans are endowed with inalienable rights because we are born human, that is, with some of the divine spark of the Creator. And the form of this freedom is governed by centuries of human history that instruct us on the hows and whys of organizing a just and free society.Academics, on the other hand, are consumed with abstract plans that have no relationship to human experience. Undeterred by the failures of all totalitarian systems and regimes, academics continue to adhere to failed systems of tyranny because they are systems, and if the system is duly organized and its implementation is executed correctly, logic tells them that such systems should work. Failure, then, does not represent failure of the idea, only the failure to realize the implementation of the idea. For the academic Left (there is, in reality, no academic Right) will always believe in the essential perfection of communism regardless of how far the economy of Cuba collapses. It will always be America and capitalism, not Cuban Marxism, that the academics will blame for the failure of Castro to create Heaven on Earth in Havana.Another reason for the embracing of totalitarianism by academics is the desire for power. There is a fine line between wanting to instruct and wanting to control. Power is gained in academia by getting students to adhere rigorously to the ideas of their professors. In academia, knowledge is not so much discovered or created as it is cloned.Additionally, academics have embraced totalitarianism because of feelings of inadequacy, irrelevance and jealousy. Imagine the poor academic literary critic. The books he writes are read but by a few fellow academic critics. Yet the books he criticizes may sell in the millions. He feels he has no voice, no status in society next to the truly creative artist. The answer to the critics dilemma is, then, to eliminate the creative artist from the creative product. In such a scenario, only the critics voice breathes life into the work. Lacking the courage of his convictions, the critic decides that its too dangerous to actually engage in revolutionary action. Better to show his students that Moby Dick is a vehicle whereby white male oppressors of European descent (are there any other kind?) subjugate women, people of color and whatever minority constitutes the latest oppressed group du jour. Filled with revolutionary indignation, the students can then go out and remake the world while their academic mentors shuffle off into retirement and senility.And finally, there is another reason for the decline of the university. It is not talked about much, but its impact is profound. The decline of the university�indeed, the collapse of the entire educational system in the Western world�has been aided, abetted and exacerbated by perhaps the most ignorant, anti-intellectual and loathsome collection of individuals in the history of mankind�university administrators.In Thurbers day, university presidents and deans considered themselves to be scholars. And generally they were outstanding scholars who had made some real contribution to the pursuit of knowledge. They had a love and respect for learning. There may have been a bit of the fustiness of the school marm about them, but they viewed their lifes work as something noble, something to be cherished because it was intrinsically good. And they were dedicated to the truth.Todays university administrators are money-grubbing whores, although I must apologize to both grubs and whores for comparing them to university administrators. The university has become a harlot, ready to lie, cheat, steal and spread her legs for whoever has the most money. Truth be damned, lets be trendy because that will generate a lot of publicity and notoriety. What? … Surveys show that incoming freshmen dont like grammar? … Well, then, well just ban the teaching of grammar. For you see, the university is no longer composed of scholars and students. It now has only facilitators and customers. You know, just like a crack house.The solution? There is no solution, and as James Burnham once said so famously, If theres no solution, theres no problem. Reform of the university is no longer possible. We need to start thinking of what will replace the university as it drifts off into meaninglessness like the academic enclave of Castalia in Hermann Hesses Glass Bead Game.But as for me, Im going to go ahead and keep reading the classics of Western literature; Im going to continue listening to Beethoven and Stravinsky; and Im not going to pay any attention to the tenured cretins of academia who say that Western civilization is an oppressive force. But as we continue to prosecute the War on Terror, perhaps a few smart bombs should be saved for those smart folks who make up the academic fifth column of terrorism.1. James Thurber (184-161), 0th Century American humorist and cartoonist.. Lebensraum�noun space sought for occupation by a nation whose population is expanding [syn living space].
Mind that the sample papers like no topic presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
University Days
University politics are the most vicious politics of all�because the stakes are so low.-- Anonymous, sometimes falsely attributed to Henry Kissinger
October 11, 00
Im sure some of you have read James Thurbers1 essay University Days, a reminiscence of his years attending Ohio State University in the early part of the twentieth century. Thurber humorously relates the difficulties his extreme myopia caused him when he tried to use a microscope in biology class, how he and his fellow students did everything possible to help the dim-witted star fullback stay academically eligible for the big game against Illinois, and how he accidentally was the only ROTC cadet who performed the correct maneuver during a parade. If Thurber and his classmates never achieved academic superstardom, at least their time in college seemed to have been beneficial. At least a college education back then never seemed to do anyone any lasting damage, given that most professors in those halcyon days adhered to the Hippocratic dictum Do no harm. It all seemed so�how does one put it?�wholesome.As I write this, Im having coffee at my favorite restaurant in Munich, the News Bar on the corner of Schellingstrasse and Amalienstrasse. Its located on the campus of Ludwig Maximilian University, an area full of good cafes, excellent bookstores and very attractive girls. A couple of blocks away on 50 Schellingstrasse is the site of the Nazi Party during the early 10s. Further down the street on 6 Schellingstrasse is the site of Osteria Bavaria (now Osteria Italiana), Adolf Hitlers favorite restaurant.What do these facts have to do with one another? Well, its not discussed much in the historical literature, but Nazism was largely the product of academia. To be sure, virulent anti-Semitism and dreams of world conquest have roots that extend far beyond the hallowed halls of ivy; but the systematic amalgamation of anti-Semitism, theories of the superiority of the German people, and the geopolitical movement to acquire Lebensraum was a product of the university, specifically Ludwig Maximilian University. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goering and Rudolf Hess all took classes at LMU after World War I. Indeed, Hess was working on a graduate degree under the supervision of Professor Karl Haushofer, the chief architect of the concept of Lebensraum. The LMU student body was overwhelmingly pro-Nazi. LMU Student Body President Baldur von Schirach later became head of the Hitler Youth and subsequently was one of the Nuremberg Trial defendants who received a prison sentence for his crimes. And let us not forget that Joseph Goebbels received his doctorate in literature from the University of Heidelberg.My point is not to single out German academics for any special opprobrium. They were simply doing what their colleagues at Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard and any number of universities throughout the English-speaking world were doing at the same time (and in many cases continue to do), namely, using the academic freedom and social prestige of the university to support a totalitarian vision of the future, one that would ultimately eliminate the universitys freedom and prestige if it ever came into power. In Germany the academics worshipped Hitler; in America and Britain they worshipped Stalin; and in America they still worship the ghost of Stalin.The idyll of Thurbers youth is a lost paradise of the imagination, existing today only in the pages of novels by Henry James and R. F. Delderfield. Thurbers parents sent him to college with the assurance that even if he didnt learn all that much, he would probably pick up some knowledge and perhaps a few social skills that would serve him in good stead for the rest of his life. After Thurbers time, parents sent their children off to college in what is essentially an academic crapshoot, hoping against hope that their offspring wouldnt get too damaged along the way as they picked up the sheepskin that statistics told us would ensure 5.7% more lifetime earning power over those poor souls who only managed to matriculate from high school.What went wrong? Why did universities in the 0th century abandon the search for truth in favor of the deliberate ideological distortion of truth? Why did universities reject the noble calling of being the repositories of knowledge in favor of becoming factories for the fabrication of falsehoods? And ultimately, why did universities reject freedom in favor of slavery and oppression?There are a number of reasons why Hitler, Stalin, Mao, Fidel, Che, Ho Chi Minh and Pol Pot have been the darlings of academia instead of Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Locke, Montesquieu and Cicero. Freedom, especially the American variety, is rooted in the natural law and in a respect for the lessons of history. Americans believe that humans are endowed with inalienable rights because we are born human, that is, with some of the divine spark of the Creator. And the form of this freedom is governed by centuries of human history that instruct us on the hows and whys of organizing a just and free society.Academics, on the other hand, are consumed with abstract plans that have no relationship to human experience. Undeterred by the failures of all totalitarian systems and regimes, academics continue to adhere to failed systems of tyranny because they are systems, and if the system is duly organized and its implementation is executed correctly, logic tells them that such systems should work. Failure, then, does not represent failure of the idea, only the failure to realize the implementation of the idea. For the academic Left (there is, in reality, no academic Right) will always believe in the essential perfection of communism regardless of how far the economy of Cuba collapses. It will always be America and capitalism, not Cuban Marxism, that the academics will blame for the failure of Castro to create Heaven on Earth in Havana.Another reason for the embracing of totalitarianism by academics is the desire for power. There is a fine line between wanting to instruct and wanting to control. Power is gained in academia by getting students to adhere rigorously to the ideas of their professors. In academia, knowledge is not so much discovered or created as it is cloned.Additionally, academics have embraced totalitarianism because of feelings of inadequacy, irrelevance and jealousy. Imagine the poor academic literary critic. The books he writes are read but by a few fellow academic critics. Yet the books he criticizes may sell in the millions. He feels he has no voice, no status in society next to the truly creative artist. The answer to the critics dilemma is, then, to eliminate the creative artist from the creative product. In such a scenario, only the critics voice breathes life into the work. Lacking the courage of his convictions, the critic decides that its too dangerous to actually engage in revolutionary action. Better to show his students that Moby Dick is a vehicle whereby white male oppressors of European descent (are there any other kind?) subjugate women, people of color and whatever minority constitutes the latest oppressed group du jour. Filled with revolutionary indignation, the students can then go out and remake the world while their academic mentors shuffle off into retirement and senility.And finally, there is another reason for the decline of the university. It is not talked about much, but its impact is profound. The decline of the university�indeed, the collapse of the entire educational system in the Western world�has been aided, abetted and exacerbated by perhaps the most ignorant, anti-intellectual and loathsome collection of individuals in the history of mankind�university administrators.In Thurbers day, university presidents and deans considered themselves to be scholars. And generally they were outstanding scholars who had made some real contribution to the pursuit of knowledge. They had a love and respect for learning. There may have been a bit of the fustiness of the school marm about them, but they viewed their lifes work as something noble, something to be cherished because it was intrinsically good. And they were dedicated to the truth.Todays university administrators are money-grubbing whores, although I must apologize to both grubs and whores for comparing them to university administrators. The university has become a harlot, ready to lie, cheat, steal and spread her legs for whoever has the most money. Truth be damned, lets be trendy because that will generate a lot of publicity and notoriety. What? … Surveys show that incoming freshmen dont like grammar? … Well, then, well just ban the teaching of grammar. For you see, the university is no longer composed of scholars and students. It now has only facilitators and customers. You know, just like a crack house.The solution? There is no solution, and as James Burnham once said so famously, If theres no solution, theres no problem. Reform of the university is no longer possible. We need to start thinking of what will replace the university as it drifts off into meaninglessness like the academic enclave of Castalia in Hermann Hesses Glass Bead Game.But as for me, Im going to go ahead and keep reading the classics of Western literature; Im going to continue listening to Beethoven and Stravinsky; and Im not going to pay any attention to the tenured cretins of academia who say that Western civilization is an oppressive force. But as we continue to prosecute the War on Terror, perhaps a few smart bombs should be saved for those smart folks who make up the academic fifth column of terrorism.1. James Thurber (184-161), 0th Century American humorist and cartoonist.. Lebensraum�noun space sought for occupation by a nation whose population is expanding [syn living space].
Mind that the sample papers like no topic presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Comparing a Graphic creation to a Literary Work
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Comparing a Graphic creation to a Literary Work even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Comparing a Graphic creation to a Literary Work in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Creating a graphic is very similar to expressing yourself to someone or writing. It is a very complicated process. When I make graphics, I can usually look back at it later and tell what type of mood I was in when I created it. I have millions of images on my computer, some are black, others, are bright. My graphics vary depending on what conversations Ive had that day or sometimes even what Ive eaten.
You must first think of something in particular that happened that day or maybe even that week. Here, you must take that feeling to the screen. Sometimes by the time I finish, it actually has nothing to do with what I originally thought about. It is a must to choose a topic for your graphic creation. You see, a graphic actually has a story in it. Not everyone can see it, but the creator can. In fact, graphics can be related to just about any type of literature. An entire website, for example, must have a theme, just like a story or epic. Everything must fit together just right to make it look good or go where it needs to be.
Secondly, you need to think of what the ending graphic might possibly look like. Will it be happy or bright? Will it be scary or intriguing? One thing that you most certainly want your graphic to do is catch your audience’s attention quickly. Much like a lame character in a story sets what type of mood the scene is, your graphic will set how your audience will interpret your site. In other words, if you are making a florist’s site, you don’t want to have a black graphic, you want it to be as vibrant as the flowers they sell.
After all that, you finally get to choose the tools that you will use. You must be familiar with the program that you are using. There are an unlimited number of choices to choose from when selecting a program to use such as Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia Fireworks, and JASC Print Shop Pro. For example, I use Photoshop to make my graphics and I am still learning many of the options, but I now have the basic idea of most of them. If you feel dreary this day, you may want to choose dark colors or possible pale colors. Simply create a box or whatever comes to your mind first. In Photoshop, I would choose the square tool and simply click on the screen and drag my mouse pointer to make exactly what size box I would want. Then, I might go to filter, choose the option blur, then select Gaussian blur. Now a pop-up screen will appear allowing me to choose exactly how much I want to blur the object. Blurring the object will give it a sort of sad look if you choose the colors correctly. It will also add a faded look to the object so that it doesn’t stand out from the page quite as much. This is similar to going inside your head and selecting what type of mood you would like a particular character in your story to have.
Continue to make other shapes until you are happy with what you have come up with. Just as a writer will go into detail until he feels he has fully described the scene, you must go into detail until your graphic is fully illustrated. After it’s all said and done, does your graphic look anything like you thought? Maybe it looks happy but you thought it would be sad. If it is not what you thought, somewhere down the line, you started to think of something that threw you off the original subject. It happens to me all the time. Congratulations on your first interpretation of a graphic!
Mind that the sample papers like Comparing a Graphic creation to a Literary Work presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Creating a graphic is very similar to expressing yourself to someone or writing. It is a very complicated process. When I make graphics, I can usually look back at it later and tell what type of mood I was in when I created it. I have millions of images on my computer, some are black, others, are bright. My graphics vary depending on what conversations Ive had that day or sometimes even what Ive eaten.
You must first think of something in particular that happened that day or maybe even that week. Here, you must take that feeling to the screen. Sometimes by the time I finish, it actually has nothing to do with what I originally thought about. It is a must to choose a topic for your graphic creation. You see, a graphic actually has a story in it. Not everyone can see it, but the creator can. In fact, graphics can be related to just about any type of literature. An entire website, for example, must have a theme, just like a story or epic. Everything must fit together just right to make it look good or go where it needs to be.
Secondly, you need to think of what the ending graphic might possibly look like. Will it be happy or bright? Will it be scary or intriguing? One thing that you most certainly want your graphic to do is catch your audience’s attention quickly. Much like a lame character in a story sets what type of mood the scene is, your graphic will set how your audience will interpret your site. In other words, if you are making a florist’s site, you don’t want to have a black graphic, you want it to be as vibrant as the flowers they sell.
After all that, you finally get to choose the tools that you will use. You must be familiar with the program that you are using. There are an unlimited number of choices to choose from when selecting a program to use such as Adobe Photoshop, Macromedia Fireworks, and JASC Print Shop Pro. For example, I use Photoshop to make my graphics and I am still learning many of the options, but I now have the basic idea of most of them. If you feel dreary this day, you may want to choose dark colors or possible pale colors. Simply create a box or whatever comes to your mind first. In Photoshop, I would choose the square tool and simply click on the screen and drag my mouse pointer to make exactly what size box I would want. Then, I might go to filter, choose the option blur, then select Gaussian blur. Now a pop-up screen will appear allowing me to choose exactly how much I want to blur the object. Blurring the object will give it a sort of sad look if you choose the colors correctly. It will also add a faded look to the object so that it doesn’t stand out from the page quite as much. This is similar to going inside your head and selecting what type of mood you would like a particular character in your story to have.
Continue to make other shapes until you are happy with what you have come up with. Just as a writer will go into detail until he feels he has fully described the scene, you must go into detail until your graphic is fully illustrated. After it’s all said and done, does your graphic look anything like you thought? Maybe it looks happy but you thought it would be sad. If it is not what you thought, somewhere down the line, you started to think of something that threw you off the original subject. It happens to me all the time. Congratulations on your first interpretation of a graphic!
Mind that the sample papers like Comparing a Graphic creation to a Literary Work presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
About the Book
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like About the Book even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like About the Book in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
i have been in school bor about 10 yrs. i am not good at english. I have to take ESL classes and do not get that good of grades. I have few friends and am not treated well. I am working most of the time so i dont have time to really do anything to interesting. I have great parents and sibalings. I want to make a lot of money and i am very materialistic. I cant hold a boyfriend to longe because i wont let them control me and they dont like that. They want someone that they are going to be able to control and i am not that person. i am a very independent person who likes to do things my way and if it is not done that way then it isnt going to work out. dont get me wrong i dont try to cotrol them but i do like to have a say in the things that i do. i dont like girls that much. most of my friends are guys and that is because i get along with them so much better and they dont act as stupid as girls do. girls are just to stupid and play way to many mind games. i guess i am just not a normal person but i do love myself and i would not change one thing about me. i do not regret anything that i have done manely because that just makes life boring. there is plenty of things to do out there instead of worrieing about what you did wrong. just have fun.
Mind that the sample papers like About the Book presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
i have been in school bor about 10 yrs. i am not good at english. I have to take ESL classes and do not get that good of grades. I have few friends and am not treated well. I am working most of the time so i dont have time to really do anything to interesting. I have great parents and sibalings. I want to make a lot of money and i am very materialistic. I cant hold a boyfriend to longe because i wont let them control me and they dont like that. They want someone that they are going to be able to control and i am not that person. i am a very independent person who likes to do things my way and if it is not done that way then it isnt going to work out. dont get me wrong i dont try to cotrol them but i do like to have a say in the things that i do. i dont like girls that much. most of my friends are guys and that is because i get along with them so much better and they dont act as stupid as girls do. girls are just to stupid and play way to many mind games. i guess i am just not a normal person but i do love myself and i would not change one thing about me. i do not regret anything that i have done manely because that just makes life boring. there is plenty of things to do out there instead of worrieing about what you did wrong. just have fun.
Mind that the sample papers like About the Book presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, September 10, 2012
The Frustration of learning who you are.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The Frustration of learning who you are. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The Frustration of learning who you are. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
March 7, 00
The Frustration of Learning Who You Are
In some of the early American Indian cultures when a young man reached the age of adulthood the men of the tribe took the young man off into an unknown region of the wilderness, without food, and there the young man would be left alone as he fasted and waited for the spirits to give him a vision; for the vision contained the secret to his destiny. The vision would give him an identity. The vision would determine what his name would be for the rest of his life. Once his vision had come, the young man
could return to the tribe and take his place as an adult. The process was frightening, lonely, and frustrating, but it held the secret to what the young man would become. While our culture doesn’t have a process such as this, there is still a process that every young man or woman goes through as they leave their teenage years and begin life as an adult. For some of us the process into adulthood seems to flow easily, for others it may be more uncivilized than that of the Indian culture. The process largely depends on the people who help to shape and guide you through this difficult journey.
Most parents don’t stop to think that their words and their actions are helping to cast the vision for their child’s future. When a young person grows up with criticism and condemnation, it is very difficult for them to see themselves as a success. Someone once said, “What you see is what you get.” It is the vision within us that paints the portrait of our future. How we see ourselves. How we think that other people see us. What I like about the Indian culture is that the young man went alone and the vision he received for himself determined his identity. No one placed a label upon him. His future depended on how he saw himself. The process into adulthood is a long journey that begins in the early years of our lives and even then it is painful.
You are five years old when your thrown into a whole new world. You are use to the normal events of life waking up late, playing with your toys, and maybe even going to the store with mom. Then, all of a sudden, you find your self in a kindergarten, with a teacher and a group of kids you have never seen before. After a while you begin to like going to school and playing with your new found friends. You begin to form a new daily routine. By second or third grade you are use to going back to school every August and seeing your friends. You come to expect and anticipate Christmas break, and finally the incredibly awesome summer break. It all becomes second nature. Then one day you realize that your about to start your first day of junior high. The process now changes some what. There are new things that now, begin to come to your attention, like girls. You never pay much attention to them until the first time you walk onto that school campus. You are also faced with your newfound self-image. It’s true, everyone has some image that they try to portray, and it is usually develops a lot during junior high. Also the issue of peer-pressure begins to have a greater impact on your life. Out with the old, “I dare you to throw this at the teacher,” in with the new “want a cigarette?” type of pressure. This all becomes normal after a while and you are now pretty sure of what type of person you are. Now it’s that time when you are moving up into the high school arena. Forget what anyone else has told you, this is totally different from any other step you have encountered so far. You now have more freedoms than ever. You are so excited when you get that first set of keys to a car that is all yours. You can now go anywhere you want without having to ask mom or dad for a ride. You also now have the means of transportation to take your dating life to a whole new level. (No, I didn’t mean it like that) Before you and your girlfriend claimed that you where “going out”, but where did you go. Did your mommy drop you off at her house or the movies, once a week? Did you only hang out while at school, and talk on the phone at night? Now you can go where you want when you want. (As long as she is home by 1000). During this time your circle of friends changes a lot. It may be effected by whether or not you play a sport or the clubs you join, or it may just be that ya’ll grow apart and take different paths. High school is the most social level of any so far. Everything is centered around who you are friends with. Most of the time, you only go to events your friends are going to go to. During your three year stay in high school your idea of who you are can change many times, but this just furthers your process of finding the true you. After you graduate you might move on into a work place or chose to continue your education by attending college. Both of these steps have a great impact on your self image too.
But, the buck doesn’t stop there. School is not the only thing in your life that shapes who you are. The environment in which you grow up, also plays a major role in your development. American youth culture is diverse. Normal life in rural America is as different as night is from day when compared to life in urban America. Not only is the culture different, the process by which one is accepted as an adult varies. For the inner city black or Hispanic youth, life is fast and hard. The majority of inner city youth come from single parent households, inadequate housing, limited economic and social opportunities, and the primary influences upon their values, morals and character come from a source outside the home, oftentimes a gang. For millions of inner city youth, the gang is their family. The gang gives them an identity. It is their source of security and acceptance. It helps to establish their vision of themselves and their future. Their journey into adulthood is risky. Many never make it because it is a culture of violence. Their rite into adulthood is one of proving your manhood. Proving you are able to take care of yourself. When threatened you attack. When questioned you defend yourself. When attacked you retaliate. It is a dog eat dog, blood for blood, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth culture. Such youths never have much of a chance to discover who they really are because they are locked into a world where they have to be tough, angry, suspicious, and resourceful. Imagine the frustration they must feel trying to compete in a world outside of the culture in which they grew up. Imagine what it must feel like to step outside your world and the rules of the inner city no longer apply in corporate America. Or maybe, the rules still revolve around a dog eat dog mentality, but we disguise the battle with three piece suits and legal briefs. I try to understand the frustration that they must feel. One of my closest friends, Kevin, is black and grew up in the inner city. His father died of Aids from drug abuse, and his mom is dying of Aids and may not live to see Kevin graduate. I try to put myself in his shoes. What would I do if I were Kevin? No one to stand beside me in my journey into adulthood. No one to talk over life’s crisis with when they arise. The sense of aloneness that he must feel when he sees that it may be his responsibility to take care of his sisters after his mom dies. He doesn’t have a dad to help him fix up a car. His family is on welfare. His mom is a drug addict and uses up the family income on herself. He comes home to a dark house, a sick mom, and a family where there is never enough to make ends meet. Kevin’s only bright spot in his day comes every morning when the bus rolls down and stops in front of his house to take him and his sisters to school. Education and sports is the only equalizer that many inner city youth possess. Their hope is not in a system that favors the beautiful, the talented, the charismatic, the educated, the successful, or those who live on the right side of the tracks. Their hope is that somehow, somewhere, at sometime in their lives they will get a break. That life will be good to them. That they will be able to climb up out of the hole that circumstance and the choices of others has confined them to and that someday they will discover a better life. My life compared to Kevin’s seems to be so unfair at times. I have a dad and mom who think that I hung the moon. I have never had to struggle to make ends meet. All that I have ever heard from my parents are compliments and praise. My family has helped to paint the vision of my future and destiny. Whenever a crisis arose in my life, I had someone I could turn to for encouragement and support. I have never had to go it alone. I know that whatever comes I can face it because I am not alone. That is an empowering force in a young persons life. The power of knowing that someone is standing behind and beside you, to make sure that you succeed. To hear that voice of encouragement urging you not to quit. My greatest struggles are miniscule compared to Kevin’s. I don’t worry about if my mom is going to be drunk or if she is going to die from aids. I come home knowing that when I get home, my laundry will be done, food will be on the table, I will be met by a smile and a hug, and I will hear these words, “Son is there anything I can do to help you today?” Do you understand the kind of confidence that places inside a person’s soul? It is the power of love. It is knowing that even when life gets lonely there is always a place of refuge that I can run home to and find a hiding place.
I could go on and on about other frustrating events, that shape who you are, but I have only chosen the ones that I believe are the most important; school and environment are interesting, because they each have an array of lessons to teach you. If I went to school for twelve years, and never cracked a book, I would have still learned a lot. So I wonder, if I had attended a different school, would I have been different? If I grew up in a different environment, would I still be me? The truth is, I do not know. All I do know is that I have pieced together my self image from a lot of different experiences. I see qualities that I have adapted from my house hold, my church, my school life, etc. And, I believe I might not have those qualities, if not for each and every process I have went through in life.
,01 Words!
Mind that the sample papers like The Frustration of learning who you are. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
March 7, 00
The Frustration of Learning Who You Are
In some of the early American Indian cultures when a young man reached the age of adulthood the men of the tribe took the young man off into an unknown region of the wilderness, without food, and there the young man would be left alone as he fasted and waited for the spirits to give him a vision; for the vision contained the secret to his destiny. The vision would give him an identity. The vision would determine what his name would be for the rest of his life. Once his vision had come, the young man
could return to the tribe and take his place as an adult. The process was frightening, lonely, and frustrating, but it held the secret to what the young man would become. While our culture doesn’t have a process such as this, there is still a process that every young man or woman goes through as they leave their teenage years and begin life as an adult. For some of us the process into adulthood seems to flow easily, for others it may be more uncivilized than that of the Indian culture. The process largely depends on the people who help to shape and guide you through this difficult journey.
Most parents don’t stop to think that their words and their actions are helping to cast the vision for their child’s future. When a young person grows up with criticism and condemnation, it is very difficult for them to see themselves as a success. Someone once said, “What you see is what you get.” It is the vision within us that paints the portrait of our future. How we see ourselves. How we think that other people see us. What I like about the Indian culture is that the young man went alone and the vision he received for himself determined his identity. No one placed a label upon him. His future depended on how he saw himself. The process into adulthood is a long journey that begins in the early years of our lives and even then it is painful.
You are five years old when your thrown into a whole new world. You are use to the normal events of life waking up late, playing with your toys, and maybe even going to the store with mom. Then, all of a sudden, you find your self in a kindergarten, with a teacher and a group of kids you have never seen before. After a while you begin to like going to school and playing with your new found friends. You begin to form a new daily routine. By second or third grade you are use to going back to school every August and seeing your friends. You come to expect and anticipate Christmas break, and finally the incredibly awesome summer break. It all becomes second nature. Then one day you realize that your about to start your first day of junior high. The process now changes some what. There are new things that now, begin to come to your attention, like girls. You never pay much attention to them until the first time you walk onto that school campus. You are also faced with your newfound self-image. It’s true, everyone has some image that they try to portray, and it is usually develops a lot during junior high. Also the issue of peer-pressure begins to have a greater impact on your life. Out with the old, “I dare you to throw this at the teacher,” in with the new “want a cigarette?” type of pressure. This all becomes normal after a while and you are now pretty sure of what type of person you are. Now it’s that time when you are moving up into the high school arena. Forget what anyone else has told you, this is totally different from any other step you have encountered so far. You now have more freedoms than ever. You are so excited when you get that first set of keys to a car that is all yours. You can now go anywhere you want without having to ask mom or dad for a ride. You also now have the means of transportation to take your dating life to a whole new level. (No, I didn’t mean it like that) Before you and your girlfriend claimed that you where “going out”, but where did you go. Did your mommy drop you off at her house or the movies, once a week? Did you only hang out while at school, and talk on the phone at night? Now you can go where you want when you want. (As long as she is home by 1000). During this time your circle of friends changes a lot. It may be effected by whether or not you play a sport or the clubs you join, or it may just be that ya’ll grow apart and take different paths. High school is the most social level of any so far. Everything is centered around who you are friends with. Most of the time, you only go to events your friends are going to go to. During your three year stay in high school your idea of who you are can change many times, but this just furthers your process of finding the true you. After you graduate you might move on into a work place or chose to continue your education by attending college. Both of these steps have a great impact on your self image too.
But, the buck doesn’t stop there. School is not the only thing in your life that shapes who you are. The environment in which you grow up, also plays a major role in your development. American youth culture is diverse. Normal life in rural America is as different as night is from day when compared to life in urban America. Not only is the culture different, the process by which one is accepted as an adult varies. For the inner city black or Hispanic youth, life is fast and hard. The majority of inner city youth come from single parent households, inadequate housing, limited economic and social opportunities, and the primary influences upon their values, morals and character come from a source outside the home, oftentimes a gang. For millions of inner city youth, the gang is their family. The gang gives them an identity. It is their source of security and acceptance. It helps to establish their vision of themselves and their future. Their journey into adulthood is risky. Many never make it because it is a culture of violence. Their rite into adulthood is one of proving your manhood. Proving you are able to take care of yourself. When threatened you attack. When questioned you defend yourself. When attacked you retaliate. It is a dog eat dog, blood for blood, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth culture. Such youths never have much of a chance to discover who they really are because they are locked into a world where they have to be tough, angry, suspicious, and resourceful. Imagine the frustration they must feel trying to compete in a world outside of the culture in which they grew up. Imagine what it must feel like to step outside your world and the rules of the inner city no longer apply in corporate America. Or maybe, the rules still revolve around a dog eat dog mentality, but we disguise the battle with three piece suits and legal briefs. I try to understand the frustration that they must feel. One of my closest friends, Kevin, is black and grew up in the inner city. His father died of Aids from drug abuse, and his mom is dying of Aids and may not live to see Kevin graduate. I try to put myself in his shoes. What would I do if I were Kevin? No one to stand beside me in my journey into adulthood. No one to talk over life’s crisis with when they arise. The sense of aloneness that he must feel when he sees that it may be his responsibility to take care of his sisters after his mom dies. He doesn’t have a dad to help him fix up a car. His family is on welfare. His mom is a drug addict and uses up the family income on herself. He comes home to a dark house, a sick mom, and a family where there is never enough to make ends meet. Kevin’s only bright spot in his day comes every morning when the bus rolls down and stops in front of his house to take him and his sisters to school. Education and sports is the only equalizer that many inner city youth possess. Their hope is not in a system that favors the beautiful, the talented, the charismatic, the educated, the successful, or those who live on the right side of the tracks. Their hope is that somehow, somewhere, at sometime in their lives they will get a break. That life will be good to them. That they will be able to climb up out of the hole that circumstance and the choices of others has confined them to and that someday they will discover a better life. My life compared to Kevin’s seems to be so unfair at times. I have a dad and mom who think that I hung the moon. I have never had to struggle to make ends meet. All that I have ever heard from my parents are compliments and praise. My family has helped to paint the vision of my future and destiny. Whenever a crisis arose in my life, I had someone I could turn to for encouragement and support. I have never had to go it alone. I know that whatever comes I can face it because I am not alone. That is an empowering force in a young persons life. The power of knowing that someone is standing behind and beside you, to make sure that you succeed. To hear that voice of encouragement urging you not to quit. My greatest struggles are miniscule compared to Kevin’s. I don’t worry about if my mom is going to be drunk or if she is going to die from aids. I come home knowing that when I get home, my laundry will be done, food will be on the table, I will be met by a smile and a hug, and I will hear these words, “Son is there anything I can do to help you today?” Do you understand the kind of confidence that places inside a person’s soul? It is the power of love. It is knowing that even when life gets lonely there is always a place of refuge that I can run home to and find a hiding place.
I could go on and on about other frustrating events, that shape who you are, but I have only chosen the ones that I believe are the most important; school and environment are interesting, because they each have an array of lessons to teach you. If I went to school for twelve years, and never cracked a book, I would have still learned a lot. So I wonder, if I had attended a different school, would I have been different? If I grew up in a different environment, would I still be me? The truth is, I do not know. All I do know is that I have pieced together my self image from a lot of different experiences. I see qualities that I have adapted from my house hold, my church, my school life, etc. And, I believe I might not have those qualities, if not for each and every process I have went through in life.
,01 Words!
Mind that the sample papers like The Frustration of learning who you are. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, September 9, 2012
The different buildings in the Acropolis.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The different buildings in the Acropolis. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The different buildings in the Acropolis. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Different Buildings in the Acropolis
The Erechtheum temple is from the middle classical period of Greek art and architecture, built on the Acropolis of Athens between 41 and 405BC.
The Erechtheum contained sanctuaries to Athena Polias, Poseidon, and Erechtheus. The requirements of the several shrines and the location upon a sloping site produced an unusual plan.
Furthermore old pieces of art were kept in the cella like the ancient wooden statue of Hermes, the xoanon, which was blessed by Cecrops, a folding-chair made by the father of arts Daedalus, and several trophies from the Persian wars as the suit of armour of Masistius and the sword of Mardonius, both Persian generals during the battle of Plataea.
The altars of Zeus Hypatos, of Poseidon and Erechtheus, of Hephaistos, of the hero Boutes, of the Thyechoos, and the very ancient xoanon of Hermes, all had to be accommodated harmoniously. Lastly the room, which would have to be found for the sacred olive and the sanctuary of Pandrosos which included the altar of Zeus Herkeios. The architect succeeded by subtle and ingenious use of the differences in level to produce an astonishing temple which satisfied the requirements of all these cults. He respected the traditions and at the same time introduced striking innovations.
The resulting building may appear complicated at first sight, but it bears the mark of true genius and contains more original feature than any other structure in the Greek world.
It consists of three almost independent sections (the main temple, the north extension and the porch of the caryatids) with three separate roofs, and is built at four different levels. Ionic columns of three different dimensions and proportions are used, and, following an old Ionian custom, use is also made of corai as supports for the entablature - the famous caryatids. The Erechteum is the finest expression of the Ionic order, yet the building loses none of the compact severity of classical Attic architecture.
The Erechtheion was built in ca. 40 B.C. in the Ionic order. It has a prostasis on the east side, a monumental propylon on the north, and the famous porch of the Caryatids on the south. The main temple was divided into two sections, dedicated to the worship of the two principal gods of Attica, Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus. A relief frieze, bearing a representation possibly of the birth of Erechtheus, decorated the exterior of the building.
The Propylaea, located at the west end of the hill, is a roofed entrance structure into the sacred precincts of the Acropolis. It was designed by the renowned architect Mnesicles, and constructed between the years 47 BC and 4 BC. However, the construction was ended during the Peloponessian wars, and the building never reached completion for unknown reasons. The Propylaea, which can still be seen today was built during the age of Pericles, and was supposed to replace an earlier one built under the administration of Pissistratus in 50 BC. It comprises a central building and two lateral wings. The colonnades along the west and east sides had a row of Doric columns while two rows of more slender Ionic columns divided the central corridor into three parts. The Doric columns recall those of the Parthenon, although they are much more severe. Flanking the central gate-hall are two chambers. The north one was used as a painting gallery, while the south chamber, although never completed, was most likely intended as a sculpture gallery and as an entrance to the temple of Nike. The Doric architecture of the building forms a perfect combination with the Ionic columns, which flanked the Sacred Road, which was used during the Panathenaea.
The walls of the north wing were decorated with painted panels or wall paintings and that is why it was called the Pinakotheke. More decoration could be found on the ceiling of the Propylaea which had coffers with painted decoration and a perforated sima around the roof. Two large colonnades flanked the back of the central hall. The fundaments of these colonnades were discovered only several years ago. Unlike the Propylaea of Pisistratus are the current Propylaea completely built with white Pentelicon marble.
The worship of Athena Nike on the Acropolis was very ancient. To the south of the Propylaia, on the right as one ascends the sacred rock, there existed an ancient bastion, where an altar was set up in 566 BC, the year in which the Great Panathenaic festival was instituted, and a small poros temple was built in the period of the Persian Wars (40-480 BC). In 448 BC the Athenians decided to erect a new temple to their goddess of victory, designed by Kallikrates. The size of the temple was imposed by the confined space, but the architect succeeded in creating a small temple in which architectural grace did not entail the sacrifice of grandeur, and elegance was achieved without the loss of tectonic stability.
It is a small amphiprostyle Ionic temple which rises gracefully on the edge of the rock, where the Athenians worshipped the goddess of victory expressing their hopes for a new triumph in the war of those years when they were fighting desperately for victory on land and sea against the Spartans and their allies. The representations on the frieze of the temple of Athena Nike recalled the historical battle of Plataiai where the Greeks decisively defeated the Persians, and of a meeting between the gods Athena, Zeus and Poseidon. A later build balustrade with small female figures in shine-through peplos covers the Pyrgos, the bastion on which the temple was build.
When the temple was completed in the turmoil of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians added a protective parapet, which was composed of marble slabs. It was but an expression of the Athenians determination and hope for final victory. Those of the slabs that have survived are now in the Acropolis Museum. Another sign that the Athenians were determined to win the exhausting war with Sparta is the statue in the cella of the temple. It shows the Athena as Nike Apterus, the goddess of victory without wings. Most likely the Athenians had taken away the wings of the goddess of victory in the hope that she would stay in Athens after the first successes against Sparta.
In August, the Athenians celebrated the anniversary of their protectress. Every fourth year a magnificent festival, the Panathenaea, was held. The four-day festival began with dancing, singing and a torch race, and included athletic games and musical competitions, but a great procession was the central feature of the Panathenaea. The people gathered at dawn at the foot of the Acropolis for the procession. At the head of the procession was the peplos, the ritual gift to the goddess. The destination was an antique statue of Athena atop the Acropolis. Behind this peplos, which was displayed on a special wagon, walked the women who had woven this sacred garment, young women carrying sacred objects, sacrificers with animals, priests, cavalry units and other civic personalities.
Mind that the sample papers like The different buildings in the Acropolis. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Different Buildings in the Acropolis
The Erechtheum temple is from the middle classical period of Greek art and architecture, built on the Acropolis of Athens between 41 and 405BC.
The Erechtheum contained sanctuaries to Athena Polias, Poseidon, and Erechtheus. The requirements of the several shrines and the location upon a sloping site produced an unusual plan.
Furthermore old pieces of art were kept in the cella like the ancient wooden statue of Hermes, the xoanon, which was blessed by Cecrops, a folding-chair made by the father of arts Daedalus, and several trophies from the Persian wars as the suit of armour of Masistius and the sword of Mardonius, both Persian generals during the battle of Plataea.
The altars of Zeus Hypatos, of Poseidon and Erechtheus, of Hephaistos, of the hero Boutes, of the Thyechoos, and the very ancient xoanon of Hermes, all had to be accommodated harmoniously. Lastly the room, which would have to be found for the sacred olive and the sanctuary of Pandrosos which included the altar of Zeus Herkeios. The architect succeeded by subtle and ingenious use of the differences in level to produce an astonishing temple which satisfied the requirements of all these cults. He respected the traditions and at the same time introduced striking innovations.
The resulting building may appear complicated at first sight, but it bears the mark of true genius and contains more original feature than any other structure in the Greek world.
It consists of three almost independent sections (the main temple, the north extension and the porch of the caryatids) with three separate roofs, and is built at four different levels. Ionic columns of three different dimensions and proportions are used, and, following an old Ionian custom, use is also made of corai as supports for the entablature - the famous caryatids. The Erechteum is the finest expression of the Ionic order, yet the building loses none of the compact severity of classical Attic architecture.
The Erechtheion was built in ca. 40 B.C. in the Ionic order. It has a prostasis on the east side, a monumental propylon on the north, and the famous porch of the Caryatids on the south. The main temple was divided into two sections, dedicated to the worship of the two principal gods of Attica, Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus. A relief frieze, bearing a representation possibly of the birth of Erechtheus, decorated the exterior of the building.
The Propylaea, located at the west end of the hill, is a roofed entrance structure into the sacred precincts of the Acropolis. It was designed by the renowned architect Mnesicles, and constructed between the years 47 BC and 4 BC. However, the construction was ended during the Peloponessian wars, and the building never reached completion for unknown reasons. The Propylaea, which can still be seen today was built during the age of Pericles, and was supposed to replace an earlier one built under the administration of Pissistratus in 50 BC. It comprises a central building and two lateral wings. The colonnades along the west and east sides had a row of Doric columns while two rows of more slender Ionic columns divided the central corridor into three parts. The Doric columns recall those of the Parthenon, although they are much more severe. Flanking the central gate-hall are two chambers. The north one was used as a painting gallery, while the south chamber, although never completed, was most likely intended as a sculpture gallery and as an entrance to the temple of Nike. The Doric architecture of the building forms a perfect combination with the Ionic columns, which flanked the Sacred Road, which was used during the Panathenaea.
The walls of the north wing were decorated with painted panels or wall paintings and that is why it was called the Pinakotheke. More decoration could be found on the ceiling of the Propylaea which had coffers with painted decoration and a perforated sima around the roof. Two large colonnades flanked the back of the central hall. The fundaments of these colonnades were discovered only several years ago. Unlike the Propylaea of Pisistratus are the current Propylaea completely built with white Pentelicon marble.
The worship of Athena Nike on the Acropolis was very ancient. To the south of the Propylaia, on the right as one ascends the sacred rock, there existed an ancient bastion, where an altar was set up in 566 BC, the year in which the Great Panathenaic festival was instituted, and a small poros temple was built in the period of the Persian Wars (40-480 BC). In 448 BC the Athenians decided to erect a new temple to their goddess of victory, designed by Kallikrates. The size of the temple was imposed by the confined space, but the architect succeeded in creating a small temple in which architectural grace did not entail the sacrifice of grandeur, and elegance was achieved without the loss of tectonic stability.
It is a small amphiprostyle Ionic temple which rises gracefully on the edge of the rock, where the Athenians worshipped the goddess of victory expressing their hopes for a new triumph in the war of those years when they were fighting desperately for victory on land and sea against the Spartans and their allies. The representations on the frieze of the temple of Athena Nike recalled the historical battle of Plataiai where the Greeks decisively defeated the Persians, and of a meeting between the gods Athena, Zeus and Poseidon. A later build balustrade with small female figures in shine-through peplos covers the Pyrgos, the bastion on which the temple was build.
When the temple was completed in the turmoil of the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians added a protective parapet, which was composed of marble slabs. It was but an expression of the Athenians determination and hope for final victory. Those of the slabs that have survived are now in the Acropolis Museum. Another sign that the Athenians were determined to win the exhausting war with Sparta is the statue in the cella of the temple. It shows the Athena as Nike Apterus, the goddess of victory without wings. Most likely the Athenians had taken away the wings of the goddess of victory in the hope that she would stay in Athens after the first successes against Sparta.
In August, the Athenians celebrated the anniversary of their protectress. Every fourth year a magnificent festival, the Panathenaea, was held. The four-day festival began with dancing, singing and a torch race, and included athletic games and musical competitions, but a great procession was the central feature of the Panathenaea. The people gathered at dawn at the foot of the Acropolis for the procession. At the head of the procession was the peplos, the ritual gift to the goddess. The destination was an antique statue of Athena atop the Acropolis. Behind this peplos, which was displayed on a special wagon, walked the women who had woven this sacred garment, young women carrying sacred objects, sacrificers with animals, priests, cavalry units and other civic personalities.
Mind that the sample papers like The different buildings in the Acropolis. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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Chemical Signals in Animals � Chapter 45 � The Endocrine System
Hormone � is a chemical signal that is secreted into body fluids (blood) and communicates regulatory messages within the body
Target cells � respond to hormones
Two systems of internal communication and regulation nervous system and endocrine system
Nervous high speed signals along neurons … movement in response to env changes
Endocrine all of an animal’s hormone secreting cells … endocrine glands hormone secreting organs (ductless glands � directly into body fluids)
Endo and nerv are structurally, chemically, and functionally related
-endo organs contain nerve cells called NEUROSECRETORY CELLS … secrete hormones … many chemicals = signals in nervous system, hormones in endocrine sys …
-each system affects the output of the other .. release of milk suckling = sensory cells - nervous signals - hypothalamus - oxytocin from pituitary - secrete milk
Invertebrates hormones = reproduction and development … nerve and hormne interaction …
-Arthropods crustaceans growth and repro, water balance, movement of pigments, reg of meta … aquire adult characteristics in single, terminal molt .. molting is triggered by ECDYSONE … also favors development of adult characteristics (cater - butter) … ecdysone production is controlled by nd hormone brain hormone (bh) … stimulates prothoracic glands to secrete ecdysone
-balanced by juvenile hormone (JH) . secreted by corpora allata … propotes retention of larval characteristics … high JH = molting but just larger larva … low JH = pupa - metamorphosis …
local regulators � act between cells on a localized scale … upon release taken up by target cells, broken up by enzymes, or hend by extracellular matrix � thus, can only affect local targets .. Pheromones � carry messages between different individuals of a species … ie mate attraction …
local regulators neurotransmitters one neuron to another, or one neuron to muscle, gland …
Nitric oxide (NO) � multiple functions … highly reactive/toxic … affects targets in few seconds and breaks down … secreted by neurons …. Funct as a neurotransmitter .. secreted by white blood cells � kills cancer cells and bacteria in bf … sec by endothelial cells in blood vessels � makes smooth muscle relax, dilating vessel walls
-Growth Factors � peptides and proteins that fuction as local reg … each can affect several types of cells and have variety of functions … Nerve growth factor NGF � speeds rate of developing white blood cells
-epidermal GF � accelerates epid development … Insulinlike GF � skeletal development (produced by liver) … transforming GF � enhance the strength of synapses between neurons in brain of mature animal
-Prostaglandins PGs - modified fatty acids derived from lipids of pm … in semen promote contractions of uterus …
-released by cells into interstital fluid � func as local regulators … sec by placenta = changes in chem. Of uterus = induce labor (positive feedback) …
-defense mech induce fever and inflammation … intensify pain … ^Aspirin inhibits enzymes to synthesize prostagladins
-PGE and PGF � similar structures but different effects on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels serving lungs … PGE = relax (dilate blood vells, promote oxygenation) … PGF = contract (reduce blood flow) … thus antagonistic …
chem. Signal can affect different tcells diff or diff species diff … ie thyroxine vertebrates metabolic reg … and development … ie frog from tadpole …
-modes of action of all chem. Sig are similar … each sig has specific shape to be recog by tcells … binds to receptor receptor in pm or inside tcell … signal molecules are ligands small molecule that bind specifically to larger ones (proteins) … triggers chem. Events .. result in change in behavior of cell … diversity of responses depends on nature of tcells and # and affinity of receptor proteins on/in cells …
bind to pm � signal trasnduction pathways … melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH (peptide hormone secrted by pituitary) … melaoncytes specialized skin cells containing dark brown pigment melanin in cyto organelle called melanosomes … skin appears light when melano are clustered tightly around nucleus … darker when spread … MSH secreted = disperse … direct injection into cells does nothing
-most chem. Signals ( neurot, gf, hormones) unable to pass through pm … instead are components of signal transduction pathways …. Convert extracellular chem. Sig into specific response … changing behavior of cell …. Stp trigger enzyme cascades that amplify the hormonal signal
most steroid receptors and receptors of thyroid hormones and some local receptors (NO) are specialized proteins within target cells … enter target cells … bind with receptors … activate receptor … response
-hormone-receptor complex binds to specific sites on DNA .. transported into nucleus, attaches to reg sites along genome … transcrp of gene into mra … trans into protein … hr complex binding to these sites can induce or suppress expression of spe genes … ECDYSONE � steroid … triggers synthesis of enzymes that catalyze new exoskel … estrogen induces female bird repro cells to syn ovalbumin (storage protein in egg white)
Vertebrate Endocrine system
Tropic hormones target other endocrine glands … chem. Coordination …
Figure 45.6
-many organs with nonendo functions also secrete hormones … digestive gastrin/secretin … liver gf … thymus gland immune sys … replaced by adiposefibrous tissue by adulthood … secretes thymosin (T-lympho development) …. Pineal gland � mid brain … hypthalmus �b base … pituatiry- under hypo … thyroid … butterfly in neck … thymus … upside down tooth in chest … adrenal above kidneys … pancreas snail crossing middle til left kidney .. ovary ball … testis … lower ball ..
Table 45.1
Hypothalamus makes hormones released by posterior pit and hormones that reg anterior pit
Pituary gland Posterior
a. oxytocin … ya right!
HYPOTHALAMUS lower brain .. receives info from nerves … initates endocrine signals .. in response to env changes …
-hormone releasing cells in hypo neurosecretory cells whose secretions are stored in or regulate activity of pituitary gland (small organ w/ endo fuctions) ..
-pit located at base of hypo … two parts from diff parts of embryo and diff functions .. anterior pituatiary ( adenohypophysis) � develops from fold on roof of mouth … consists of cells that secrte/synth hormones into blood … hyp controls AP by two hormones … releasing hormones � tell it to secrete … inhibiting hormones � stop secretion
--these two hormones are released into capillaries - portal vessels - second cap bed in AP .. each AP hormone controlled by at least one rel hormone
---posterior pit (neurohypophysis) extension of the brain… remains attached to hypo … stores and secretes two hormones made by hypo
Posterior P Hormones
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone ADH
-made my hypothalamus … oxy acts on uterus and ADH on kidneys … do not effect other endo glands … oxy induces contraction/mammary glands eject milk … ADH increases water retention and dec water volume
--ADH regulates osmolarity of blood … blood osmo is regulated by nerve cells in hypo … osmo increases cells shrink (due to osmosis) and transmit nerve impulses to neurosec cells in hypo … release ADH …. Post p stores ADH and releases it into circulation … ADH reaches kidneys … binds to receptors on surface of cells lining collecting ducts … stp .. increases water permeability … also brains stimulates thirst drive … hormonal reaction augmented by behavioral reponse … more dilute blood = reduction in release of adh … stop thirst … negative feedback
Anterior P Hormones
Thyroid SF � release of thyroid hormones … adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH � controls adrenal cortex … Follice SH Luteinizing H � reproduction (act on gonads) … [all are tropic] …. Other hormones GH, prolactin PRL, melanocyte SH … endorphins
--GH � protein … direct/tropic effects … stimulates production of growth factors or affects growth directly … ie bone and cartilage signals liver to produce IGF = growth … absence of GH � skeletal growth stops …
--disorders abnormal GH production … too much during development = giantism … during adulthood abnormal bone growth in hands, feet, head (acromegaly) … too little childhood pituitary drawfism … treatable with cadaver GH … or bacteria produced GH
-Prolactin (PRL) � similar to GH VERY MUCH SO … diff role … diversity of effets on diff veretebrates … mammals mammary gland growth, milk synthesis … birds fat metab/reproduction … amphibians delays metam … fresh fish reg salt/water balance … ancient hormone
--FSH, LH, TSH � related chemically … all glycoprotins … (proteins w/ carbohydrate attached) … FSH/LH � gonadotropins … TSH � production of hormones by thyroid gland
-remaining hormones come form PRO-OPIOMLANOCORTIN � cleaved into fragments … ACTH � production/secrtion of steroid hormones by adrenal corte … MSH � pigment in skin … mammals fat metabolism … endorphins … = also produced by neurons in brain … inhibit pain…
Pineal Gland � biorhythms
-small mass of tissue near center of brain … secretes melatonin (aa) … contains light sensitive cells or has nervous connections from the eyes… regulates func related to light/seasons (by changes in day length) … skin pigmenation … bio rhythems (reproduction) … melatonin secreted at night (winter = more) … target suprachiamastic nucleus (SCN) .
Thyroid hormones � development, bioenergetics, homeostatis
-two lobes on ventral side of trachea … produces two similar hormones from aa tyrosine … triodothyronine T ( iodine atoms, tetraio) … or thyroxine t4 (4 iod) … T more active form … both have same affects … controlled by hypo/pit … neg feedback
--development/maturation metamorphosis in frog … thyroid deficiency (inherited) � cretinism � retarded skeletal growth and poor mental development … thy hormones required for development of bone forming cells/nerve cells during embroynoi develop
-homeostatis normal blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion, reprod … bioengetics increase rate of oxy consumption/cellular metabolism … too much hyperthyroism high body temp, sweating, weight loss, irritiabilty, high blood p … hypothy … cretinism (infants) … weight gain, lethargy, intol to cold in adults … shortage of thy hormones enlargement of thyroid (goiter) [defi of iodine]
-calcitonin … lowers calcium levels …
Parathyroid glands 4 embedded in thyroid surface … homeo of calcium ions .. screte parathyroid hormone PTH … raises blood levels of Ca … stimulates Ca+ reapsorbtion in kidneys and induces osteoclasts to decompose matrix of bone and releae ca to blood … calcitonin … opp affects on kid/bone … Vitamen D ( syn in skin ) …. Essential for PTH function … lack of PTH low calcium … convulsive contractions … tetany … fatal … antagonistic hormones … [V D enables pth to increase ca uptake in intestines]
Pancreas insulin/glucagons … antagonisci … reg blood gluc
-endo/exo fuctions … bicarbonate/digestive enzymes carried to small intest via pancreatic duct (exocrine stuff) … scattered among exo tissue islets of Lanerhans (secrete two hormones into circ sys) … alpha cells (peptide hormone glucagons) … beta cells (insulin) .. glucose fuel for cellular respiration/carbon skeletons … set point 0mg/100ml … exceeds level insulin released to lower … drops glucagons increases … neg feedback
-insulin lowers by stimulating body cells (except brain) to take up glucose from blood … slowing glycogen breakdown in liver and inhibiting conversion of aa and fa to sugar
-liver, skeletal musc, adipose tissue � store fuel mole … liver/mus store sugar as glycogen … adipose fat … only liver cells are sensitive to glucagons … glucagons has affect before glucose levels drop below set point … signals liver cells to increase glycogen hydrolysis, convert aa and fa to glucose, and slowly release gluco back into circ …
-manages fuel storage and fuel use … livers ability rests on its metabolic versatitly of its cells and access to absorbed nutrients via hepatic portal vessel (blood coming directly from small intestine) …
-mech of glu homeo go crazy diabetes mellitus … deficiency of insulin or loss of response to inslulin in target tissues … = high blood glucose … kidneys begin to excrete glucose (=sugar in urine… and more water excreted with it = lots of peeing and lots of thirst ) … glucose unavaible to body cells as major fuel source … fat serves as substrate for cell resp … acidic metabolides formed during fat breakdown accumulate in blood � lower blood pH, uh oh…
-two forms Type I � insulin dependent … autoimmune disorder (immune sys mounts attack on cells of pancreas) … during childhood … destroys ability to produce insulin .. insulin injections … bacteria … Type II � non insulin dependent … defi of insulin or reduced responsiveness in target cells (due to change in insulin receptors) … occurs after age 40 … more common … manageable by exercise and dietary control … type II � heredity
Adrenal medulla/cortex � stress
-adjacent to kidneys … each is actually two glands w/ diff cell types, functions, origins … adrenal cortex (outer) … adrenal medulla (central) … secretory cells of medulla are derived from cells of neural crest … neural crest cells in abdominal region of vertebrate embryo may diff into either endo cells of med or neurons … dpending on chem. Signals and immediate surroundings … glucocorticoids vs NGF
-fight or flight response of ad medulla hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepineprine (noradrenaline) … members of class of compounds that are syn from aa tyrosne (catecholamines) … secreted in resp to pos or neg stress … gives body rapid bioeng boost (increasing basal meta rate … ) … increase rate of glyco breakdown in liver and skeletal muscles … and glucose
Mind that the sample papers like dont have one yet presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Chemical Signals in Animals � Chapter 45 � The Endocrine System
Hormone � is a chemical signal that is secreted into body fluids (blood) and communicates regulatory messages within the body
Target cells � respond to hormones
Two systems of internal communication and regulation nervous system and endocrine system
Nervous high speed signals along neurons … movement in response to env changes
Endocrine all of an animal’s hormone secreting cells … endocrine glands hormone secreting organs (ductless glands � directly into body fluids)
Endo and nerv are structurally, chemically, and functionally related
-endo organs contain nerve cells called NEUROSECRETORY CELLS … secrete hormones … many chemicals = signals in nervous system, hormones in endocrine sys …
-each system affects the output of the other .. release of milk suckling = sensory cells - nervous signals - hypothalamus - oxytocin from pituitary - secrete milk
Invertebrates hormones = reproduction and development … nerve and hormne interaction …
-Arthropods crustaceans growth and repro, water balance, movement of pigments, reg of meta … aquire adult characteristics in single, terminal molt .. molting is triggered by ECDYSONE … also favors development of adult characteristics (cater - butter) … ecdysone production is controlled by nd hormone brain hormone (bh) … stimulates prothoracic glands to secrete ecdysone
-balanced by juvenile hormone (JH) . secreted by corpora allata … propotes retention of larval characteristics … high JH = molting but just larger larva … low JH = pupa - metamorphosis …
local regulators � act between cells on a localized scale … upon release taken up by target cells, broken up by enzymes, or hend by extracellular matrix � thus, can only affect local targets .. Pheromones � carry messages between different individuals of a species … ie mate attraction …
local regulators neurotransmitters one neuron to another, or one neuron to muscle, gland …
Nitric oxide (NO) � multiple functions … highly reactive/toxic … affects targets in few seconds and breaks down … secreted by neurons …. Funct as a neurotransmitter .. secreted by white blood cells � kills cancer cells and bacteria in bf … sec by endothelial cells in blood vessels � makes smooth muscle relax, dilating vessel walls
-Growth Factors � peptides and proteins that fuction as local reg … each can affect several types of cells and have variety of functions … Nerve growth factor NGF � speeds rate of developing white blood cells
-epidermal GF � accelerates epid development … Insulinlike GF � skeletal development (produced by liver) … transforming GF � enhance the strength of synapses between neurons in brain of mature animal
-Prostaglandins PGs - modified fatty acids derived from lipids of pm … in semen promote contractions of uterus …
-released by cells into interstital fluid � func as local regulators … sec by placenta = changes in chem. Of uterus = induce labor (positive feedback) …
-defense mech induce fever and inflammation … intensify pain … ^Aspirin inhibits enzymes to synthesize prostagladins
-PGE and PGF � similar structures but different effects on smooth muscle cells of blood vessels serving lungs … PGE = relax (dilate blood vells, promote oxygenation) … PGF = contract (reduce blood flow) … thus antagonistic …
chem. Signal can affect different tcells diff or diff species diff … ie thyroxine vertebrates metabolic reg … and development … ie frog from tadpole …
-modes of action of all chem. Sig are similar … each sig has specific shape to be recog by tcells … binds to receptor receptor in pm or inside tcell … signal molecules are ligands small molecule that bind specifically to larger ones (proteins) … triggers chem. Events .. result in change in behavior of cell … diversity of responses depends on nature of tcells and # and affinity of receptor proteins on/in cells …
bind to pm � signal trasnduction pathways … melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH (peptide hormone secrted by pituitary) … melaoncytes specialized skin cells containing dark brown pigment melanin in cyto organelle called melanosomes … skin appears light when melano are clustered tightly around nucleus … darker when spread … MSH secreted = disperse … direct injection into cells does nothing
-most chem. Signals ( neurot, gf, hormones) unable to pass through pm … instead are components of signal transduction pathways …. Convert extracellular chem. Sig into specific response … changing behavior of cell …. Stp trigger enzyme cascades that amplify the hormonal signal
most steroid receptors and receptors of thyroid hormones and some local receptors (NO) are specialized proteins within target cells … enter target cells … bind with receptors … activate receptor … response
-hormone-receptor complex binds to specific sites on DNA .. transported into nucleus, attaches to reg sites along genome … transcrp of gene into mra … trans into protein … hr complex binding to these sites can induce or suppress expression of spe genes … ECDYSONE � steroid … triggers synthesis of enzymes that catalyze new exoskel … estrogen induces female bird repro cells to syn ovalbumin (storage protein in egg white)
Vertebrate Endocrine system
Tropic hormones target other endocrine glands … chem. Coordination …
Figure 45.6
-many organs with nonendo functions also secrete hormones … digestive gastrin/secretin … liver gf … thymus gland immune sys … replaced by adiposefibrous tissue by adulthood … secretes thymosin (T-lympho development) …. Pineal gland � mid brain … hypthalmus �b base … pituatiry- under hypo … thyroid … butterfly in neck … thymus … upside down tooth in chest … adrenal above kidneys … pancreas snail crossing middle til left kidney .. ovary ball … testis … lower ball ..
Table 45.1
Hypothalamus makes hormones released by posterior pit and hormones that reg anterior pit
Pituary gland Posterior
a. oxytocin … ya right!
HYPOTHALAMUS lower brain .. receives info from nerves … initates endocrine signals .. in response to env changes …
-hormone releasing cells in hypo neurosecretory cells whose secretions are stored in or regulate activity of pituitary gland (small organ w/ endo fuctions) ..
-pit located at base of hypo … two parts from diff parts of embryo and diff functions .. anterior pituatiary ( adenohypophysis) � develops from fold on roof of mouth … consists of cells that secrte/synth hormones into blood … hyp controls AP by two hormones … releasing hormones � tell it to secrete … inhibiting hormones � stop secretion
--these two hormones are released into capillaries - portal vessels - second cap bed in AP .. each AP hormone controlled by at least one rel hormone
---posterior pit (neurohypophysis) extension of the brain… remains attached to hypo … stores and secretes two hormones made by hypo
Posterior P Hormones
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone ADH
-made my hypothalamus … oxy acts on uterus and ADH on kidneys … do not effect other endo glands … oxy induces contraction/mammary glands eject milk … ADH increases water retention and dec water volume
--ADH regulates osmolarity of blood … blood osmo is regulated by nerve cells in hypo … osmo increases cells shrink (due to osmosis) and transmit nerve impulses to neurosec cells in hypo … release ADH …. Post p stores ADH and releases it into circulation … ADH reaches kidneys … binds to receptors on surface of cells lining collecting ducts … stp .. increases water permeability … also brains stimulates thirst drive … hormonal reaction augmented by behavioral reponse … more dilute blood = reduction in release of adh … stop thirst … negative feedback
Anterior P Hormones
Thyroid SF � release of thyroid hormones … adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH � controls adrenal cortex … Follice SH Luteinizing H � reproduction (act on gonads) … [all are tropic] …. Other hormones GH, prolactin PRL, melanocyte SH … endorphins
--GH � protein … direct/tropic effects … stimulates production of growth factors or affects growth directly … ie bone and cartilage signals liver to produce IGF = growth … absence of GH � skeletal growth stops …
--disorders abnormal GH production … too much during development = giantism … during adulthood abnormal bone growth in hands, feet, head (acromegaly) … too little childhood pituitary drawfism … treatable with cadaver GH … or bacteria produced GH
-Prolactin (PRL) � similar to GH VERY MUCH SO … diff role … diversity of effets on diff veretebrates … mammals mammary gland growth, milk synthesis … birds fat metab/reproduction … amphibians delays metam … fresh fish reg salt/water balance … ancient hormone
--FSH, LH, TSH � related chemically … all glycoprotins … (proteins w/ carbohydrate attached) … FSH/LH � gonadotropins … TSH � production of hormones by thyroid gland
-remaining hormones come form PRO-OPIOMLANOCORTIN � cleaved into fragments … ACTH � production/secrtion of steroid hormones by adrenal corte … MSH � pigment in skin … mammals fat metabolism … endorphins … = also produced by neurons in brain … inhibit pain…
Pineal Gland � biorhythms
-small mass of tissue near center of brain … secretes melatonin (aa) … contains light sensitive cells or has nervous connections from the eyes… regulates func related to light/seasons (by changes in day length) … skin pigmenation … bio rhythems (reproduction) … melatonin secreted at night (winter = more) … target suprachiamastic nucleus (SCN) .
Thyroid hormones � development, bioenergetics, homeostatis
-two lobes on ventral side of trachea … produces two similar hormones from aa tyrosine … triodothyronine T ( iodine atoms, tetraio) … or thyroxine t4 (4 iod) … T more active form … both have same affects … controlled by hypo/pit … neg feedback
--development/maturation metamorphosis in frog … thyroid deficiency (inherited) � cretinism � retarded skeletal growth and poor mental development … thy hormones required for development of bone forming cells/nerve cells during embroynoi develop
-homeostatis normal blood pressure, heart rate, muscle tone, digestion, reprod … bioengetics increase rate of oxy consumption/cellular metabolism … too much hyperthyroism high body temp, sweating, weight loss, irritiabilty, high blood p … hypothy … cretinism (infants) … weight gain, lethargy, intol to cold in adults … shortage of thy hormones enlargement of thyroid (goiter) [defi of iodine]
-calcitonin … lowers calcium levels …
Parathyroid glands 4 embedded in thyroid surface … homeo of calcium ions .. screte parathyroid hormone PTH … raises blood levels of Ca … stimulates Ca+ reapsorbtion in kidneys and induces osteoclasts to decompose matrix of bone and releae ca to blood … calcitonin … opp affects on kid/bone … Vitamen D ( syn in skin ) …. Essential for PTH function … lack of PTH low calcium … convulsive contractions … tetany … fatal … antagonistic hormones … [V D enables pth to increase ca uptake in intestines]
Pancreas insulin/glucagons … antagonisci … reg blood gluc
-endo/exo fuctions … bicarbonate/digestive enzymes carried to small intest via pancreatic duct (exocrine stuff) … scattered among exo tissue islets of Lanerhans (secrete two hormones into circ sys) … alpha cells (peptide hormone glucagons) … beta cells (insulin) .. glucose fuel for cellular respiration/carbon skeletons … set point 0mg/100ml … exceeds level insulin released to lower … drops glucagons increases … neg feedback
-insulin lowers by stimulating body cells (except brain) to take up glucose from blood … slowing glycogen breakdown in liver and inhibiting conversion of aa and fa to sugar
-liver, skeletal musc, adipose tissue � store fuel mole … liver/mus store sugar as glycogen … adipose fat … only liver cells are sensitive to glucagons … glucagons has affect before glucose levels drop below set point … signals liver cells to increase glycogen hydrolysis, convert aa and fa to glucose, and slowly release gluco back into circ …
-manages fuel storage and fuel use … livers ability rests on its metabolic versatitly of its cells and access to absorbed nutrients via hepatic portal vessel (blood coming directly from small intestine) …
-mech of glu homeo go crazy diabetes mellitus … deficiency of insulin or loss of response to inslulin in target tissues … = high blood glucose … kidneys begin to excrete glucose (=sugar in urine… and more water excreted with it = lots of peeing and lots of thirst ) … glucose unavaible to body cells as major fuel source … fat serves as substrate for cell resp … acidic metabolides formed during fat breakdown accumulate in blood � lower blood pH, uh oh…
-two forms Type I � insulin dependent … autoimmune disorder (immune sys mounts attack on cells of pancreas) … during childhood … destroys ability to produce insulin .. insulin injections … bacteria … Type II � non insulin dependent … defi of insulin or reduced responsiveness in target cells (due to change in insulin receptors) … occurs after age 40 … more common … manageable by exercise and dietary control … type II � heredity
Adrenal medulla/cortex � stress
-adjacent to kidneys … each is actually two glands w/ diff cell types, functions, origins … adrenal cortex (outer) … adrenal medulla (central) … secretory cells of medulla are derived from cells of neural crest … neural crest cells in abdominal region of vertebrate embryo may diff into either endo cells of med or neurons … dpending on chem. Signals and immediate surroundings … glucocorticoids vs NGF
-fight or flight response of ad medulla hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepineprine (noradrenaline) … members of class of compounds that are syn from aa tyrosne (catecholamines) … secreted in resp to pos or neg stress … gives body rapid bioeng boost (increasing basal meta rate … ) … increase rate of glyco breakdown in liver and skeletal muscles … and glucose
Mind that the sample papers like dont have one yet presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, September 4, 2012
Art Notes
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Art Notes even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Art Notes in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Roger Fry
Imaginative Life - The opposite of “actual life” where we are free of fears to focus upon
the perceptive and emotional aspects of the experience, which gives us a different set of
values.
Actual Life - in this the process of natural selection have brought it about that the
instinctive reaction such as flight from danger. From this man bends his whole conscious
endeavors.
Art & Morality - Morality appreciates emotion by the standard of the resultant action.
Art appreciates emotion in and for itself
Emotional elements of design vs. likeness to nature - We may dispense for once and for
all the idea of likeness to nature, of correctness and incorrectness as a test, and consider
only whether the emotional elements inherent in natural form are adequately discovered,
unless, indeed, the emotional idea depends at any point upon likeness, or completeness of
representation.
DE CHIRICO
Presentiment - a sensation passed onto us from pre-historic man. We might consider it
as an external proof of the irrationality of the universe. Original man must have
wandered through a world of uncanny signs. He must have trembled each step.
Uncanny Signs - Chirico describes a scene in Versailles where silence and calm rained
supreme. He realized that every corner of the place possessed a spirit, an impenetrable
soul. He looked around at the statues and grew aware if the mystery which urges men to
create certain strange forms. The creation appeared more extraordinary than the creators.
Status of Recognizable material in art - We should rid ourselves of all recognizable art.
We must hold faith in ourselves and that out conceptual image have no sense in itself,
have no subject, and mean absolutely nothing from the logical point of view. The
revelation or conception should speak so strongly in us that we are compelled to paint.
HENRI MATISSE
Status of Literal Representation - By removing oneself from the literal representation
of movement one attains greater beauty and grandeur. Movement itself is unstable and is
not suited to something durable like a statue, unless the artist is aware of the entire action
of which represents only a moment.
Status of Copying Nature - Those who work in a preconceived style, deliberately
turning their backs on nature, miss the truth. When an artist is painting he should feel
that he has copied nature. And when he departs from nature, he must do it with more
conviction that it is only to interpret her more fully.
Beneditto Croce
Art as intuition vs. art as a physical fact - Art as intuition acquires significance as well
as strength from all that it implicitly denies and from which art is distinguished. What
are the negations it includes? This denies that art is a physical fact, as for example,
certain particular colors or combinations of colors, forms of the body, sounds or
combinations of sounds, phenomena of heat and electricity, in brief, anything which goes
under the name ‘physical.’
Intuition vs. Conceptual Knowledge - Conceptual knowledge in its pure form (which is
that of the philosophical) is always oriented toward reality and aims to establish the real
as distinguished from the unreal, or to diminish unreality in status by including it within
reality as a subordinate part of itself. In contrast, intuition refers precisely to the lack of
distinction between reality and unreality - to the image itself - with its purely ideal status
as mere image.
FREUD
Id/Ego/SuperEgo - The id provides for the discharge of quantities of excitation. The
id has one function, to obtain satisfaction for instinctual needs in accordance with the
primary principle. The ego controls/regulates the id. Superego deals with morality,
ideals, and perfection. It works by internalizing structures of authority.
Displacement - is chiefly responsible for our being unable to recover or recognize the
dream-thoughts in the dream-content, unless we understand the reason for their
distortion.
Condensation - The combining of several dream thoughts into one dream content.
Repression - what is rejected by censorship is in a state of repression. This happens
when the conscious mind “forgets” objectionable material. This happens because it’s not
understood or a traumatic experience that can’t be processed by the child.
Sublimation - A phychological process whereby drives, such as the sexual drive, are
transformed into different expressions, such as transforming a powerful sexual drive into
a drive to make money or to excel in a given field.
Cruelty/Sadism - The cruelty component of the sexual instinct develops in the child with
still greater independence of those sexual activities which are connected to the erogenous
zones. Cruelty is intimately related to the childish character, since the inhibition which
restrains the mastery impulse before it causes pain to others - that is, the capacity for
sympathy - develops comaparatively late. As far a Sadism goes, basically if a child
witnesses the act of sex at an impressionable age, they can’t help as conceiving the act as
a kind of maltreating or overpowering, and it impresses them in a sadistic sense.
FAUVISM
CHARACTERISTICS Intense, bright, clashing colors, distorted forms and perspectives,
vigorous brushstrokes, flat, linear patterns, bare canvass as part of overall design. Used
intense colors that have nothing to do with an objects appearance but everything to do
with his own outlook.
Fauvism and Realism - The Fauve experience was for many artists a period of
liberation, marking the moment at which they escaped from the conventions of realism
and the confines of the conventional palette to achieve a realization, on which their
future careers would be built, that the artist was concerned with the primacy of his own
personal vision, and with creating a world which he himself controlled.
Henri Matisse - credited with creating the movement of Fauvism. Nude in the Studio
188, the purity, the violence of the color conveys a sense of audacity that disguises the
resolute quest for formal coherence, inherited from Cezanne, which Matisse was never to
abandon. Too much to write about him.
Maurice de Vlaminck(self taught) - wrote ‘Painting was an abscess which drained off all
the evil in me. Without a gift for painting I would have gone to the bad. What I could
have achieved in a social context only by throwing the bomb, which would have led me
to the guillotine, I have tried to express in art, in painting, by using pure colors straight
from the tube. Thus I have been able to use my destructive instincts in order to recreate a
sensitive, living and free world.’ The Bar Counter 100 (Phoebe Wray)
Andre Derain - along with Vlaminck was making visual experiments in the same
direction under the influence of Van Gogh. He brought to the Fauves something of the
same vigor and panache as his friend Vlaminck; he too used color directly from the tube,
applied in broken lines with quick impetuous brush strokes. His most associated piece is
Lady in a Chemise 106. The multiplicity of the colors and tones, the flickering
flame-like brushwork, the exaggeration of the face and eyes, the heavy pendulous and
slightly distorted left hand, the partial use of a contour line to define those parts of the
figure which play a dominant part in the composition, create an impression of
adventurousness which in the long run turned out to be alien to his talent.
From Masks by August Macke
The status of Form - to create forms means to live. Thunder, flower, and force
expresses itself as form. So does man. As man changes, so do his forms change. The
relations that numerous forms bear to one another enable us to recognize the individual
form. Man expresses his life in forms. Each form is an expression of his inner life. The
exterior of the form of art is its interior. Each genuine form of art emerges from a living
correlation of man to the real substance of the forms of nature, the forms of art.
Form vs. the senses - The flower opens at sunrise. Seeing his prey, the panther
crouches, and as a result of seeing it, his strength grows. And the tension of his strength
shows in the length of his leap. The form of art, its style, is a result of tension. Forms are
powerful expressions of powerful life.
From On Primitive Art by Emil Nolde
Greek art / ideals - Art teachers are less enthusiastic than they used to be about the
statues of the so-called golden age of Greece. Our predecessors’ ideals are not our ours.
We now love and respect the lesser knowns in their plain, large scale carvings in
cathedrals.
Primitive Art - Why is the art of primitive people’s not considered art at all? Primitive
people create their works with the material itself in the artist’s hand, held in his fingers.
They aspire to express delight in form and the love of creating it. Absolute originality,
the intense and often grotesque expression of power and life in very simple forms - that is
why we like these works of native art.
Mind that the sample papers like Art Notes presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Roger Fry
Imaginative Life - The opposite of “actual life” where we are free of fears to focus upon
the perceptive and emotional aspects of the experience, which gives us a different set of
values.
Actual Life - in this the process of natural selection have brought it about that the
instinctive reaction such as flight from danger. From this man bends his whole conscious
endeavors.
Art & Morality - Morality appreciates emotion by the standard of the resultant action.
Art appreciates emotion in and for itself
Emotional elements of design vs. likeness to nature - We may dispense for once and for
all the idea of likeness to nature, of correctness and incorrectness as a test, and consider
only whether the emotional elements inherent in natural form are adequately discovered,
unless, indeed, the emotional idea depends at any point upon likeness, or completeness of
representation.
DE CHIRICO
Presentiment - a sensation passed onto us from pre-historic man. We might consider it
as an external proof of the irrationality of the universe. Original man must have
wandered through a world of uncanny signs. He must have trembled each step.
Uncanny Signs - Chirico describes a scene in Versailles where silence and calm rained
supreme. He realized that every corner of the place possessed a spirit, an impenetrable
soul. He looked around at the statues and grew aware if the mystery which urges men to
create certain strange forms. The creation appeared more extraordinary than the creators.
Status of Recognizable material in art - We should rid ourselves of all recognizable art.
We must hold faith in ourselves and that out conceptual image have no sense in itself,
have no subject, and mean absolutely nothing from the logical point of view. The
revelation or conception should speak so strongly in us that we are compelled to paint.
HENRI MATISSE
Status of Literal Representation - By removing oneself from the literal representation
of movement one attains greater beauty and grandeur. Movement itself is unstable and is
not suited to something durable like a statue, unless the artist is aware of the entire action
of which represents only a moment.
Status of Copying Nature - Those who work in a preconceived style, deliberately
turning their backs on nature, miss the truth. When an artist is painting he should feel
that he has copied nature. And when he departs from nature, he must do it with more
conviction that it is only to interpret her more fully.
Beneditto Croce
Art as intuition vs. art as a physical fact - Art as intuition acquires significance as well
as strength from all that it implicitly denies and from which art is distinguished. What
are the negations it includes? This denies that art is a physical fact, as for example,
certain particular colors or combinations of colors, forms of the body, sounds or
combinations of sounds, phenomena of heat and electricity, in brief, anything which goes
under the name ‘physical.’
Intuition vs. Conceptual Knowledge - Conceptual knowledge in its pure form (which is
that of the philosophical) is always oriented toward reality and aims to establish the real
as distinguished from the unreal, or to diminish unreality in status by including it within
reality as a subordinate part of itself. In contrast, intuition refers precisely to the lack of
distinction between reality and unreality - to the image itself - with its purely ideal status
as mere image.
FREUD
Id/Ego/SuperEgo - The id provides for the discharge of quantities of excitation. The
id has one function, to obtain satisfaction for instinctual needs in accordance with the
primary principle. The ego controls/regulates the id. Superego deals with morality,
ideals, and perfection. It works by internalizing structures of authority.
Displacement - is chiefly responsible for our being unable to recover or recognize the
dream-thoughts in the dream-content, unless we understand the reason for their
distortion.
Condensation - The combining of several dream thoughts into one dream content.
Repression - what is rejected by censorship is in a state of repression. This happens
when the conscious mind “forgets” objectionable material. This happens because it’s not
understood or a traumatic experience that can’t be processed by the child.
Sublimation - A phychological process whereby drives, such as the sexual drive, are
transformed into different expressions, such as transforming a powerful sexual drive into
a drive to make money or to excel in a given field.
Cruelty/Sadism - The cruelty component of the sexual instinct develops in the child with
still greater independence of those sexual activities which are connected to the erogenous
zones. Cruelty is intimately related to the childish character, since the inhibition which
restrains the mastery impulse before it causes pain to others - that is, the capacity for
sympathy - develops comaparatively late. As far a Sadism goes, basically if a child
witnesses the act of sex at an impressionable age, they can’t help as conceiving the act as
a kind of maltreating or overpowering, and it impresses them in a sadistic sense.
FAUVISM
CHARACTERISTICS Intense, bright, clashing colors, distorted forms and perspectives,
vigorous brushstrokes, flat, linear patterns, bare canvass as part of overall design. Used
intense colors that have nothing to do with an objects appearance but everything to do
with his own outlook.
Fauvism and Realism - The Fauve experience was for many artists a period of
liberation, marking the moment at which they escaped from the conventions of realism
and the confines of the conventional palette to achieve a realization, on which their
future careers would be built, that the artist was concerned with the primacy of his own
personal vision, and with creating a world which he himself controlled.
Henri Matisse - credited with creating the movement of Fauvism. Nude in the Studio
188, the purity, the violence of the color conveys a sense of audacity that disguises the
resolute quest for formal coherence, inherited from Cezanne, which Matisse was never to
abandon. Too much to write about him.
Maurice de Vlaminck(self taught) - wrote ‘Painting was an abscess which drained off all
the evil in me. Without a gift for painting I would have gone to the bad. What I could
have achieved in a social context only by throwing the bomb, which would have led me
to the guillotine, I have tried to express in art, in painting, by using pure colors straight
from the tube. Thus I have been able to use my destructive instincts in order to recreate a
sensitive, living and free world.’ The Bar Counter 100 (Phoebe Wray)
Andre Derain - along with Vlaminck was making visual experiments in the same
direction under the influence of Van Gogh. He brought to the Fauves something of the
same vigor and panache as his friend Vlaminck; he too used color directly from the tube,
applied in broken lines with quick impetuous brush strokes. His most associated piece is
Lady in a Chemise 106. The multiplicity of the colors and tones, the flickering
flame-like brushwork, the exaggeration of the face and eyes, the heavy pendulous and
slightly distorted left hand, the partial use of a contour line to define those parts of the
figure which play a dominant part in the composition, create an impression of
adventurousness which in the long run turned out to be alien to his talent.
From Masks by August Macke
The status of Form - to create forms means to live. Thunder, flower, and force
expresses itself as form. So does man. As man changes, so do his forms change. The
relations that numerous forms bear to one another enable us to recognize the individual
form. Man expresses his life in forms. Each form is an expression of his inner life. The
exterior of the form of art is its interior. Each genuine form of art emerges from a living
correlation of man to the real substance of the forms of nature, the forms of art.
Form vs. the senses - The flower opens at sunrise. Seeing his prey, the panther
crouches, and as a result of seeing it, his strength grows. And the tension of his strength
shows in the length of his leap. The form of art, its style, is a result of tension. Forms are
powerful expressions of powerful life.
From On Primitive Art by Emil Nolde
Greek art / ideals - Art teachers are less enthusiastic than they used to be about the
statues of the so-called golden age of Greece. Our predecessors’ ideals are not our ours.
We now love and respect the lesser knowns in their plain, large scale carvings in
cathedrals.
Primitive Art - Why is the art of primitive people’s not considered art at all? Primitive
people create their works with the material itself in the artist’s hand, held in his fingers.
They aspire to express delight in form and the love of creating it. Absolute originality,
the intense and often grotesque expression of power and life in very simple forms - that is
why we like these works of native art.
Mind that the sample papers like Art Notes presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, September 3, 2012
Krispy Kreme Analysis
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Krispy Kreme Analysis even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Krispy Kreme Analysis in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Section 1 Corporate-Level
Part 1 Brief History of the Corporation
The story of Krispy Kreme begins in 1, when Vernon Carver Rudolph buys a doughnut shop and a “secret recipe” from a French chef in Paducah, Kentucky. Before long Rudolph and his partner moved to Nashville, Tennessee, looking to expand into a larger market. In Nashville, members of the Rudolph family joined the business, which was primarily focused on selling doughnuts to local grocery stores.
In 17, Rudolph decides to leave Nashville to open his own shop. Rudolph and two other men head off to Winston-Salem in their 16 Pontiac with nothing but $5 cash, a few pieces of doughnut making equipment, the secret recipe, and the name Krispy Kreme. When they arrived in Winston-Salem they used their last $5 to rent a building, and then, with no money left to buy ingredients, they had to borrow their ingredients from a nearby grocer. The next thing they needed was a way to deliver their doughnuts. This problem was solved by removing the back seat to the Pontiac and installing a delivery rack. On July 1, 17, the very first Krispy Kreme doughnuts were made and sold at the new Winston-Salem Shop. Before long, the people began stopping by the shop and asking if they could buy fresh, hot doughnuts right there on-site. The demand was so great Rudolph decided to cut a hole in the wall of the shop so they could sell directly to customers. This marked the beginning of Krispy Kreme’s retail service.
Throughout the 150’s, steps were taken to mechanize the doughnut-making process. Hand-cut doughnuts became a thing of the past when doughnut cutting, proofing, frying, glazing, and screen loading all became automatic. This was the foundation of the doughnut-making process used by Krispy Kreme stores today. In 16, there was a new innovation. Doughnuts were now extruded by air pressure from the dough hopper to form the perfect doughnut shape. This process is still used today.
After Rudolph died, Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation was bought out by Beatrice Foods Company in 176. But by 18, a group of Krispy Kreme franchises purchased Krispy Kreme back from Beatrice Foods Company, making it an independent company once again.
In 15, the first store outside of the Southeast opened in Indianapolis, Indiana, and since then they have expanded to serve customers through more than 10 U.S. stores in 41 states, as well as stores in both Canada and Australia.
Part Corporate-Level Analysis
1. Does the corporation have a formal mission statement? Does it define the corporation, provide a vision, and articulate the corporate philosophy? Give Examples. If it doesn’t have a mission statement, explain the impact on the company not having one.
Krispy Kreme does not have a formal mission statement. In many cases the impact that this can have on a company can be very negative. Not having a mission statement can lead to a disorganized company that doesn’t know what it is trying to achieve. The company does not fully understand how to structure their goals, guide decisions, or allocate their resources. However, in the case of Krispy Kreme this is not what has happened at all. It doesn’t seem to have impacted them at all. Like Wal-Mart, who also has no formal mission statement, it is obvious to everyone within the company what Krispy Kreme is trying to do sell premium quality doughnuts that are second-to-none and appeal to all. Everyone in the company knows that superior quality and taste is what Krispy Kreme is all about. So when it comes to making decisions at Krispy Kreme, employees don’t need a mission statement to tell them what to do.
. Is their mission statement appropriate for them? Explain. If it doesn’t have one, write a good one and explain why yours is appropriate.
This mission statement is taken from key ideas that are mentioned in the 00 and 00 Krispy Kreme annual reports. Although Krispy Kreme does not have a formal mission statement, it is obvious from these annual reports that they do have, know, and understand what their mission is, and, also, have many various philosophies that they believe in and follow.
The mission of Krispy Kreme is to sell premium quality doughnuts and coffees in our stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, and other retail outlets throughout the country. Our mission is to attract customers from all walks of life. The goal is to create products and comfortable environments that appeal to a broad audience. Here at Krispy Kreme we have many philosophies that we like to apply to everything we do
• All products we make in our stores will have a taste and quality that are second to none.
• The starting point in controlling product quality is controlling the quality and freshness of the ingredients.
• We view quality, service, and innovation as keys to creating and maintaining a competitive advantage.
• We view our company as a set of capabilities, not just a product or brand.
• We view our growth and success as a company as a natural result of the growth and success of our people.
• We aim to be trustworthy, forthright, dependable, and passionate about everything we do.
. How vertically integrated is the corporation? If it vertically integrated, is it pursuing a strategy of taper or full integration? Give examples.
Krispy Kreme takes advantage of a fully integrated production process. This is done to ensure that all Krispy Kreme doughnuts are made consistently and efficiently at the highest quality. Krispy Kreme’s Manufacturing and Distribution business unit, KKM&D, buys and processes ingredients to produce doughnut mixes and manufactures doughnut making equipment that all stores are required to use. Production of mixes and equipment are done at Krispy Kreme’s manufacturing facility in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and also their new mix manufacturing and distribution facility in Effingham, Illinois. Also, this unit is responsible for buying and selling, by means of thee distribution centers, essentially all supplies necessary to operate a Krispy Kreme store, including all food ingredients, juices, signage, display cases, uniforms and other items. Krispy Kreme’s fully integrated process gives them an advantage because it allows them to
1. Maintain the consistency and quality of products throughout the system
. Utilize volume buying power which helps lower the cost of supplies to each store.
Along with these advantages to a fully integrated supply chain, designing and manufacturing all of their own equipment also gives them these advantages
• The flexibility to manufacture several models, allowing them to produce sets that have varying capacities and can produce multiple products.
• Ability to tailor equipment to fit unusual store configurations.
• Production is cost effective. It is cheaper than buying everything from a third party.
• The knowledge gained from manufacturing the equipment gives them the ability to continually engineer technological innovations, which improve the doughnut-making process, lower costs, and improve overall quality.
(00&00 annual reports, krispykreme.com)
4. How diversified is the corporation? If it diversified, are there gains achieved from relatedness? Alternately, if the company is pursuing unrelated diversification, what benefits or losses is it experiencing from this approach? Explain.
Krispy Kreme is not a very diversified company. They have three distinct sources of income from their main business of making doughnuts company-owned store sales, franchise fees and royalties, and Support Operations, which handles the manufacture and selling of all mixes, equipment, and supplies. Other than making doughnuts, Krispy Kreme has diversified into two unrelated businesses. These new business ventures are Digital Java, Inc. and Montana Mills Bread Company.
The acquisition of Digital Java, Inc. in February of 000, launched them into the world of coffee, something they had been exploring for years in an effort to improve their customer’s experience. In Digital Java, Krispy Kreme saw “people who know coffee like [they] know doughnuts” (00 Annual Report, KrispyKreme.com). Their way of brewing matched Krispy Kreme’s way of making doughnuts in small, fresh batches. Krispy Kreme, to maintain their superior quality and consistency, makes all coffee equipment for their stores like they do for their doughnuts. They also insist on only using coffee beans from the top five percent of the world’s growing regions. I think this was a smart move on the behalf of Krispy Kreme. It reminds me of the TV commercial where Eggo waffles have just come out with their own syrup and the manager asks something like, “Why has this taken so long. We make waffles; this is syrup, not exactly a big step.” This is the same thing for Krispy Kreme. Doughnuts and coffee go hand in hand, ask any police officer. Now people who used to get their doughnuts somewhere that also sold coffee can now their coffee at a Krispy Kreme store and enjoy a “hot original glazed.” As Krispy Kreme likes to say, “Finally, the coffee that our doughnuts deserved all along” (00 Annual Report, KrispyKreme.com).
Krispy Kreme acquired Montana Mills to be the platform for developing a bakery-caf� concept. When searching for candidates Montana Mills stood out because of “the high quality of its baked goods, its fiercely loyal customer following, and cultural similarities with Krispy Kreme” (Harrison). Over the next couple of years Krispy Kreme will be hashing out expansion plans for adding a caf� dimension to the Montana Mill’s bakery format and broadening the product offering to include sandwiches, soups, and salads. This again was an advantageous move for Krispy Kreme. This puts them in a place to capitalize on the popularity of bakery caf�’s, which is “one of the few areas of the restaurant sector showing significant growth” (Harrison). Another advantage of this is that in developing this new business, “Krispy Kreme can apply its skills in creating excitement and loyalty around a brand, developing an effective franchise network, and vertically integrating to provide a broad range of products and services across a store network” (Harrison).
5. Is the corporation transferring skills, realizing economies of scope, and/or achieving efficiencies through strategic alliances? If so, discuss the key relationships in terms of benefits gained by both partners.
“Krispy Kreme does have relationships with grocery stores, such as Kroger and a partnership with Disney IMAX Theater in Los Angeles. But those deals only represent different channels to sell its doughnuts.” (Trigg)
That pretty much says it for strategic alliances with Krispy Kreme. Having a fully integrated supply chain doesn’t leave too many opportunities to create strategic alliances, except for creating more channels to sell through. They form partnerships with businesses and people like Dick Clark to open more Krispy Kreme outlets. This helps Krispy Kreme expand into new markets that they could not do by themselves. For example, Krispy Kreme is planning to open 5 new Krispy Kreme stores in the U.K. because of their partnership with Dick Clark (Hall). Krispy Kreme also has partnerships with businesses like grocery stores, sports teams like the Sacramento Kings, and parks like Legoland in Carlsbad, California and Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. These partnerships are built as another place to sell Krispy Kreme doughnuts. This is very advantageous for the businesses that Krispy Kreme partners with because now they are associated with the Krispy Kreme name, while being able to expand into a “hot” new product that they know will sell and make a profit. This partnership has advantages for Krispy Kreme also. Krispy Kreme’s senior vice president of marketing, Stan Parker, said that these partnerships are “a great sales and branding opportunity, and we get exposure to customers that might not have Krispy Kreme in their market, or in some cases, their country” (Miller).
6. Which division/business contributes the most to competitive advantage? Justify.
7. Which division/business, if any, detracts from competitive advantage? Justify.
Given that Krispy Kreme is only involved in two businesses other than making doughnuts, this doesn’t leave much room for anything to take away from competitive advantage. In fact, I feel that both of their new businesses will add to competitive advantage. Having high quality coffee to go along with their high quality doughnuts is just another incentive for more people to go to Krispy Kreme. With the acquisition of Montana Mills, they have put themselves in a good position to expand into one of the only sectors of the restaurant industry that is showing signs of growth. This move also helps cover one of their vulnerabilities selling sugary, fatty foods in a culture that is becoming more health conscious. This gives them the advantage of being in the business of selling healthier foods like sandwiches, soups, and salads.
Part Financial Analysis
1. Provide a full financial analysis of the corporation over the past three years, including comparisons to industry averages or leading competitors.
“Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, a mid-cap growth company in the consumer services sector, is expected to significantly outperform the market over the next six months with less than average risk” (www.moneycentral.msn.com ).
Stock Activity
Last Price 41.65
5 Week High 4.74
5 Week Low 6.4
Volume 7,00
Average Daily Volume (1wk) 1.01 Mil
50 Day Moving Average 41.45
00 Day Moving Average 8.5
Volatility (beta) 1.
www.moneycentral.msn.com
Krispy Kreme’s stock price has been falling recently, but moneycentral.msn.com still rates their stock at an 8 out of a possible 10. This drop off in price is not as bad as it looks. Krispy Kreme has only been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since May of 001. At first, the stock exploded when it hit the market, but after two years some of the excitement and hype around the stock has fallen.
Stock Price History
Change Relative Strength
Last Months -6.% 14
Last 6 Months 1.4% 4
Last 1 Months 10.%
www.moneycentral.msn.com
Krispy Kreme’s P/E ratio is extremely high at over twice the industry average and more than points over the S&P 500 average. This means that investors see this stock as one of the least risky stocks out there.
Price Ratios Company Industry S&P 500
Current P/E Ratio 55. 4.6 1.7
P/E Ratio 5-Year High NA 8.6 65.1
P/E Ratio 5-Year Low NA 16.7 5.7
Price/Sales Ratio 4.04 1.1 1.55
Price/Book Value 6.88 .06 .0
Price/Cash Flow Ratio 4.10 1.0 16.10
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Every ratio shows that Krispy Kreme is a strong company and is not going anywhere any time soon.
Avg P/E Price/ Sales Price/ Book Net Profit Margin (%)
01/0 6.80 .48 6.6 6.8
01/0 68.0 5.48 11.5 6.7
01/01 61.40 .80 6.67 4.
01/00 NA NA NA .7
Book Value/ Share Debt/ Equity Return on Equity (%) Return on Assets (%) Interest Coverage
01/0 $4.86 0.1 1. 8. 1.4
01/0 $.46 0.0 14.1 10. 14.0
01/01 $.4 0.00 11.7 8.6 40.7
01/00 $1. 0.4 1.6 5.7 7.5
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Short-Term Solvency
Krispy Kreme’s Current and Quick ratios don’t look that good when compared to S&P 500 companies. They basically have they have just enough cash to cover their debt. But they are in a better position to cover their debt than other companies in the Restaurant industry.
Coverage Ratios Company Industry S&P 500
Current Ratio 1. 0.8 1.6
Quick Ratio 0.8 0.5 1.1
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
When turning over their inventory and debt, Krispy Kreme is more successful than most companies out their. However, when compared to other companies in the industry they are only about half as successful at turning over their inventory and debt. This may be related to the fact that Krispy Kreme makes all of its own equipment and sells it to their all their stores. This kind of inventory is more expensive and doesn’t sell as much as a restaurant that focuses mainly on just selling food.
Efficiency Ratios Company Industry S&P 500
Receivable Turnover 1.7 .0 5.6
Inventory Turnover 16.7 1. 7.5
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Long-Term Solvency
Krispy Kreme’s Debt to Equity ratio is incredibly low, blowing away companies in and out of their industry. They owe very little when compared to how much they own. Krispy Kreme’s interest coverage ratio is extremely high, meaning they can cover their interest payment many times with their current income. What this also means is that they can stand to take on a little more debt - take some risks.
Financial Condition Company Industry S&P 500
Debt/Equity Ratio 0.17 0.68 1.6
Interest Coverage . 6.0 .8
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Profitability Ratios
The following ratios show that Krispy Kreme has good managerial effectiveness and at maximizing shareholder wealth.
Managerial Effectiveness Company Industry S&P 500
Return On Equity 1.8 1.1 .6
Return On Assets 8. 5. 1.5
Return On Capital 10. 7.8 4.
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Mind that the sample papers like Krispy Kreme Analysis presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Section 1 Corporate-Level
Part 1 Brief History of the Corporation
The story of Krispy Kreme begins in 1, when Vernon Carver Rudolph buys a doughnut shop and a “secret recipe” from a French chef in Paducah, Kentucky. Before long Rudolph and his partner moved to Nashville, Tennessee, looking to expand into a larger market. In Nashville, members of the Rudolph family joined the business, which was primarily focused on selling doughnuts to local grocery stores.
In 17, Rudolph decides to leave Nashville to open his own shop. Rudolph and two other men head off to Winston-Salem in their 16 Pontiac with nothing but $5 cash, a few pieces of doughnut making equipment, the secret recipe, and the name Krispy Kreme. When they arrived in Winston-Salem they used their last $5 to rent a building, and then, with no money left to buy ingredients, they had to borrow their ingredients from a nearby grocer. The next thing they needed was a way to deliver their doughnuts. This problem was solved by removing the back seat to the Pontiac and installing a delivery rack. On July 1, 17, the very first Krispy Kreme doughnuts were made and sold at the new Winston-Salem Shop. Before long, the people began stopping by the shop and asking if they could buy fresh, hot doughnuts right there on-site. The demand was so great Rudolph decided to cut a hole in the wall of the shop so they could sell directly to customers. This marked the beginning of Krispy Kreme’s retail service.
Throughout the 150’s, steps were taken to mechanize the doughnut-making process. Hand-cut doughnuts became a thing of the past when doughnut cutting, proofing, frying, glazing, and screen loading all became automatic. This was the foundation of the doughnut-making process used by Krispy Kreme stores today. In 16, there was a new innovation. Doughnuts were now extruded by air pressure from the dough hopper to form the perfect doughnut shape. This process is still used today.
After Rudolph died, Krispy Kreme Doughnut Corporation was bought out by Beatrice Foods Company in 176. But by 18, a group of Krispy Kreme franchises purchased Krispy Kreme back from Beatrice Foods Company, making it an independent company once again.
In 15, the first store outside of the Southeast opened in Indianapolis, Indiana, and since then they have expanded to serve customers through more than 10 U.S. stores in 41 states, as well as stores in both Canada and Australia.
Part Corporate-Level Analysis
1. Does the corporation have a formal mission statement? Does it define the corporation, provide a vision, and articulate the corporate philosophy? Give Examples. If it doesn’t have a mission statement, explain the impact on the company not having one.
Krispy Kreme does not have a formal mission statement. In many cases the impact that this can have on a company can be very negative. Not having a mission statement can lead to a disorganized company that doesn’t know what it is trying to achieve. The company does not fully understand how to structure their goals, guide decisions, or allocate their resources. However, in the case of Krispy Kreme this is not what has happened at all. It doesn’t seem to have impacted them at all. Like Wal-Mart, who also has no formal mission statement, it is obvious to everyone within the company what Krispy Kreme is trying to do sell premium quality doughnuts that are second-to-none and appeal to all. Everyone in the company knows that superior quality and taste is what Krispy Kreme is all about. So when it comes to making decisions at Krispy Kreme, employees don’t need a mission statement to tell them what to do.
. Is their mission statement appropriate for them? Explain. If it doesn’t have one, write a good one and explain why yours is appropriate.
This mission statement is taken from key ideas that are mentioned in the 00 and 00 Krispy Kreme annual reports. Although Krispy Kreme does not have a formal mission statement, it is obvious from these annual reports that they do have, know, and understand what their mission is, and, also, have many various philosophies that they believe in and follow.
The mission of Krispy Kreme is to sell premium quality doughnuts and coffees in our stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, and other retail outlets throughout the country. Our mission is to attract customers from all walks of life. The goal is to create products and comfortable environments that appeal to a broad audience. Here at Krispy Kreme we have many philosophies that we like to apply to everything we do
• All products we make in our stores will have a taste and quality that are second to none.
• The starting point in controlling product quality is controlling the quality and freshness of the ingredients.
• We view quality, service, and innovation as keys to creating and maintaining a competitive advantage.
• We view our company as a set of capabilities, not just a product or brand.
• We view our growth and success as a company as a natural result of the growth and success of our people.
• We aim to be trustworthy, forthright, dependable, and passionate about everything we do.
. How vertically integrated is the corporation? If it vertically integrated, is it pursuing a strategy of taper or full integration? Give examples.
Krispy Kreme takes advantage of a fully integrated production process. This is done to ensure that all Krispy Kreme doughnuts are made consistently and efficiently at the highest quality. Krispy Kreme’s Manufacturing and Distribution business unit, KKM&D, buys and processes ingredients to produce doughnut mixes and manufactures doughnut making equipment that all stores are required to use. Production of mixes and equipment are done at Krispy Kreme’s manufacturing facility in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and also their new mix manufacturing and distribution facility in Effingham, Illinois. Also, this unit is responsible for buying and selling, by means of thee distribution centers, essentially all supplies necessary to operate a Krispy Kreme store, including all food ingredients, juices, signage, display cases, uniforms and other items. Krispy Kreme’s fully integrated process gives them an advantage because it allows them to
1. Maintain the consistency and quality of products throughout the system
. Utilize volume buying power which helps lower the cost of supplies to each store.
Along with these advantages to a fully integrated supply chain, designing and manufacturing all of their own equipment also gives them these advantages
• The flexibility to manufacture several models, allowing them to produce sets that have varying capacities and can produce multiple products.
• Ability to tailor equipment to fit unusual store configurations.
• Production is cost effective. It is cheaper than buying everything from a third party.
• The knowledge gained from manufacturing the equipment gives them the ability to continually engineer technological innovations, which improve the doughnut-making process, lower costs, and improve overall quality.
(00&00 annual reports, krispykreme.com)
4. How diversified is the corporation? If it diversified, are there gains achieved from relatedness? Alternately, if the company is pursuing unrelated diversification, what benefits or losses is it experiencing from this approach? Explain.
Krispy Kreme is not a very diversified company. They have three distinct sources of income from their main business of making doughnuts company-owned store sales, franchise fees and royalties, and Support Operations, which handles the manufacture and selling of all mixes, equipment, and supplies. Other than making doughnuts, Krispy Kreme has diversified into two unrelated businesses. These new business ventures are Digital Java, Inc. and Montana Mills Bread Company.
The acquisition of Digital Java, Inc. in February of 000, launched them into the world of coffee, something they had been exploring for years in an effort to improve their customer’s experience. In Digital Java, Krispy Kreme saw “people who know coffee like [they] know doughnuts” (00 Annual Report, KrispyKreme.com). Their way of brewing matched Krispy Kreme’s way of making doughnuts in small, fresh batches. Krispy Kreme, to maintain their superior quality and consistency, makes all coffee equipment for their stores like they do for their doughnuts. They also insist on only using coffee beans from the top five percent of the world’s growing regions. I think this was a smart move on the behalf of Krispy Kreme. It reminds me of the TV commercial where Eggo waffles have just come out with their own syrup and the manager asks something like, “Why has this taken so long. We make waffles; this is syrup, not exactly a big step.” This is the same thing for Krispy Kreme. Doughnuts and coffee go hand in hand, ask any police officer. Now people who used to get their doughnuts somewhere that also sold coffee can now their coffee at a Krispy Kreme store and enjoy a “hot original glazed.” As Krispy Kreme likes to say, “Finally, the coffee that our doughnuts deserved all along” (00 Annual Report, KrispyKreme.com).
Krispy Kreme acquired Montana Mills to be the platform for developing a bakery-caf� concept. When searching for candidates Montana Mills stood out because of “the high quality of its baked goods, its fiercely loyal customer following, and cultural similarities with Krispy Kreme” (Harrison). Over the next couple of years Krispy Kreme will be hashing out expansion plans for adding a caf� dimension to the Montana Mill’s bakery format and broadening the product offering to include sandwiches, soups, and salads. This again was an advantageous move for Krispy Kreme. This puts them in a place to capitalize on the popularity of bakery caf�’s, which is “one of the few areas of the restaurant sector showing significant growth” (Harrison). Another advantage of this is that in developing this new business, “Krispy Kreme can apply its skills in creating excitement and loyalty around a brand, developing an effective franchise network, and vertically integrating to provide a broad range of products and services across a store network” (Harrison).
5. Is the corporation transferring skills, realizing economies of scope, and/or achieving efficiencies through strategic alliances? If so, discuss the key relationships in terms of benefits gained by both partners.
“Krispy Kreme does have relationships with grocery stores, such as Kroger and a partnership with Disney IMAX Theater in Los Angeles. But those deals only represent different channels to sell its doughnuts.” (Trigg)
That pretty much says it for strategic alliances with Krispy Kreme. Having a fully integrated supply chain doesn’t leave too many opportunities to create strategic alliances, except for creating more channels to sell through. They form partnerships with businesses and people like Dick Clark to open more Krispy Kreme outlets. This helps Krispy Kreme expand into new markets that they could not do by themselves. For example, Krispy Kreme is planning to open 5 new Krispy Kreme stores in the U.K. because of their partnership with Dick Clark (Hall). Krispy Kreme also has partnerships with businesses like grocery stores, sports teams like the Sacramento Kings, and parks like Legoland in Carlsbad, California and Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio. These partnerships are built as another place to sell Krispy Kreme doughnuts. This is very advantageous for the businesses that Krispy Kreme partners with because now they are associated with the Krispy Kreme name, while being able to expand into a “hot” new product that they know will sell and make a profit. This partnership has advantages for Krispy Kreme also. Krispy Kreme’s senior vice president of marketing, Stan Parker, said that these partnerships are “a great sales and branding opportunity, and we get exposure to customers that might not have Krispy Kreme in their market, or in some cases, their country” (Miller).
6. Which division/business contributes the most to competitive advantage? Justify.
7. Which division/business, if any, detracts from competitive advantage? Justify.
Given that Krispy Kreme is only involved in two businesses other than making doughnuts, this doesn’t leave much room for anything to take away from competitive advantage. In fact, I feel that both of their new businesses will add to competitive advantage. Having high quality coffee to go along with their high quality doughnuts is just another incentive for more people to go to Krispy Kreme. With the acquisition of Montana Mills, they have put themselves in a good position to expand into one of the only sectors of the restaurant industry that is showing signs of growth. This move also helps cover one of their vulnerabilities selling sugary, fatty foods in a culture that is becoming more health conscious. This gives them the advantage of being in the business of selling healthier foods like sandwiches, soups, and salads.
Part Financial Analysis
1. Provide a full financial analysis of the corporation over the past three years, including comparisons to industry averages or leading competitors.
“Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, a mid-cap growth company in the consumer services sector, is expected to significantly outperform the market over the next six months with less than average risk” (www.moneycentral.msn.com ).
Stock Activity
Last Price 41.65
5 Week High 4.74
5 Week Low 6.4
Volume 7,00
Average Daily Volume (1wk) 1.01 Mil
50 Day Moving Average 41.45
00 Day Moving Average 8.5
Volatility (beta) 1.
www.moneycentral.msn.com
Krispy Kreme’s stock price has been falling recently, but moneycentral.msn.com still rates their stock at an 8 out of a possible 10. This drop off in price is not as bad as it looks. Krispy Kreme has only been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since May of 001. At first, the stock exploded when it hit the market, but after two years some of the excitement and hype around the stock has fallen.
Stock Price History
Change Relative Strength
Last Months -6.% 14
Last 6 Months 1.4% 4
Last 1 Months 10.%
www.moneycentral.msn.com
Krispy Kreme’s P/E ratio is extremely high at over twice the industry average and more than points over the S&P 500 average. This means that investors see this stock as one of the least risky stocks out there.
Price Ratios Company Industry S&P 500
Current P/E Ratio 55. 4.6 1.7
P/E Ratio 5-Year High NA 8.6 65.1
P/E Ratio 5-Year Low NA 16.7 5.7
Price/Sales Ratio 4.04 1.1 1.55
Price/Book Value 6.88 .06 .0
Price/Cash Flow Ratio 4.10 1.0 16.10
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Every ratio shows that Krispy Kreme is a strong company and is not going anywhere any time soon.
Avg P/E Price/ Sales Price/ Book Net Profit Margin (%)
01/0 6.80 .48 6.6 6.8
01/0 68.0 5.48 11.5 6.7
01/01 61.40 .80 6.67 4.
01/00 NA NA NA .7
Book Value/ Share Debt/ Equity Return on Equity (%) Return on Assets (%) Interest Coverage
01/0 $4.86 0.1 1. 8. 1.4
01/0 $.46 0.0 14.1 10. 14.0
01/01 $.4 0.00 11.7 8.6 40.7
01/00 $1. 0.4 1.6 5.7 7.5
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Short-Term Solvency
Krispy Kreme’s Current and Quick ratios don’t look that good when compared to S&P 500 companies. They basically have they have just enough cash to cover their debt. But they are in a better position to cover their debt than other companies in the Restaurant industry.
Coverage Ratios Company Industry S&P 500
Current Ratio 1. 0.8 1.6
Quick Ratio 0.8 0.5 1.1
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
When turning over their inventory and debt, Krispy Kreme is more successful than most companies out their. However, when compared to other companies in the industry they are only about half as successful at turning over their inventory and debt. This may be related to the fact that Krispy Kreme makes all of its own equipment and sells it to their all their stores. This kind of inventory is more expensive and doesn’t sell as much as a restaurant that focuses mainly on just selling food.
Efficiency Ratios Company Industry S&P 500
Receivable Turnover 1.7 .0 5.6
Inventory Turnover 16.7 1. 7.5
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Long-Term Solvency
Krispy Kreme’s Debt to Equity ratio is incredibly low, blowing away companies in and out of their industry. They owe very little when compared to how much they own. Krispy Kreme’s interest coverage ratio is extremely high, meaning they can cover their interest payment many times with their current income. What this also means is that they can stand to take on a little more debt - take some risks.
Financial Condition Company Industry S&P 500
Debt/Equity Ratio 0.17 0.68 1.6
Interest Coverage . 6.0 .8
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Profitability Ratios
The following ratios show that Krispy Kreme has good managerial effectiveness and at maximizing shareholder wealth.
Managerial Effectiveness Company Industry S&P 500
Return On Equity 1.8 1.1 .6
Return On Assets 8. 5. 1.5
Return On Capital 10. 7.8 4.
Financial data in U.S. dollars www.moneycentral.msn.com
Mind that the sample papers like Krispy Kreme Analysis presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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